{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T11:12:08Z","timestamp":1788433928586,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]],"date-time":"2022-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670976000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Benzene poisoning is a common occupational poisoning event in the printing industries. Up to now there is still a lack of research data on risk assessment of benzene operations in enclosed workshops. It is crucial to assess the risk level of these positions and put forward effective measures and suggestions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The information of selected companies and air samples were collected through on-site investigation, data collation and sample testing were carried out according to the requirements of Chinese standards. The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Essential, the EPA non-carcinogenic risk assessment model, the Singapore exposure index method and the Chinese semi-quantitative risk assessment models were used to assess the risks of benzene.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The exposed groups all worked more than 8 h per day, and the cleaning, pasting, and packaging groups used general ventilation rather than local ventilation. 28.6% of the printing group and 16.7% of the pasting group had benzene concentrations that exceeded the permissible concentration-time weighted average (PC-TWA) in China. Over 60.0% of the work groups were evaluated at high risk and over 20% of the work groups were evaluated at high cancer risk by the risk assessment models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Chinese exposure index method and the synthesis index method may have a stronger practicability. The printing and pasting groups may have a higher risk for benzene exposure. It is necessary to increase protective measures and strengthen occupational hygiene management to reduce risks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1038608","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]],"date-time":"2022-12-14T06:58:55Z","timestamp":1671001135000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The prediction of occupational health risks of benzene in the printing industry through multiple occupational health risk assessment models"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Bin","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shibiao","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cuiju","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianjian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haijuan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2014.02.012","article-title":"Current understandings and perspectives on non-cancer health effects of benzene: a global concern","volume":"276","author":"Bahadar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2005.03.009","article-title":"An overview of published benzene exposure data by industry in China","volume":"153","author":"Liang","year":"2005"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1002-221X.2001.04.014","article-title":"Investigation on death of a printing binder from chronic benzene poisoning","volume":"4","author":"Hu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chin J Indust Med"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1000-7164.2000.05.017","article-title":"Investigation of benzene poisoning in a printing equipment factory in Shanghai","volume":"5","author":"Gao","year":"2000","journal-title":"Indust Health Occupat Dis"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1007-1326.2005.02.030","article-title":"Chronic benzene poisoning in printing and laminating worker: a case report","volume":"2","author":"Wei","year":"2005","journal-title":"Occupat Health Emerg Rescue"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.3967\/bes2017.082","article-title":"Research progress in occupational health risk assessment methods in China","volume":"30","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed Environ Sci."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1539\/joh.2018-0039-OA","article-title":"Qualitative and quantitative differences between common occupational health risk assessment models in typical industries","volume":"60","author":"Tian","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Occup Health."},{"key":"B8","article-title":"GBZ\/T 298-2017 Guidelines For Occupational Health Risk Assessment of Chemicals in the Workplace","year":"2017"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4878(98)00056-8","article-title":"An introduction to a UK scheme to help small firms control health risks from chemicals","volume":"42","author":"Russell","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Occup Hyg"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1093\/annhyg\/meg061","article-title":"European experiences in the development of approaches for the successful control of workplace health risks","volume":"47","author":"Money","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Occup Hyg."},{"key":"B11","author":"US","year":"2009","journal-title":"Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund Volume I: Human Health Evaluation Manual Part F, Supplemental Guidance for Inhalation Risk Assessment, EPA-540-R-070-002OSWER 9285.7-82 January 2009"},{"key":"B12","first-page":"340","article-title":"Investigation on the hygienic status of triphenyl in a street printing and electronic industry in Bao 'an District, Shenzhen city from 2016 to 2018","volume":"29","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin Health Care Nutr"},{"key":"B13","article-title":"GBZ 159-2004 Specifications of Air Sampling for Hazardous Substances Monitoring in the Workplace","year":"2004"},{"key":"B14","article-title":"GBZ\/T 160","year":"2004"},{"key":"B15","year":"2007","journal-title":"GBZ 2.1-2007 Occupational Exposure Limits for Hazards in the Workplace. 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