{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:54:08Z","timestamp":1787316848444,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004561","name":"Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AP09259016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AP09259016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004561","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The comprehensive epidemiology and impact of climate on viral meningitis (VM) in Kazakhstan are unknown. We aimed to study the incidence, in-hospital mortality and influence of climatic indicators on VM from 2014 to 2019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nationwide electronic healthcare records were used to explore this study. ICD-10 codes of VM, demographics, and hospital outcomes were evaluated using descriptive statistics and survival analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During the 2014\u20132019 period, 10,251 patients with VM were admitted to the hospital. 51.35% of them were children, 57.85% were males, and 85.9% were from the urban population. Enteroviral meningitis was the main cause of VM in children. The incidence rate was 13 and 18 cases per 100,000 population in 2014 and 2019, respectively. Case fatality rate was higher in 2015 (2.3%) and 2017 (2.0%). The regression model showed 1\u00b0C increment in the daily average temperature might be associated with a 1.05-fold (95% CI 1.047\u20131.051) increase in the daily rate of VM cases, 1hPa increment in the average air pressure and 1% increment in the daily average humidity might contribute to a decrease in the daily rate of VM cases with IRRs of 0.997 (95% CI 0.995\u20130.998) and 0.982 (95% CI 0.981\u20130.983), respectively. In-hospital mortality was 35% higher in males compared to females. Patients residing in rural locations had a 2-fold higher risk of in-hospital death, compared to city residents. Elderly patients had a 14-fold higher risk of in-hospital mortality, compared to younger patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is the first study in Kazakhstan investigating the epidemiology and impact of climate on VM using nationwide healthcare data. There was a tendency to decrease the incidence with outbreaks every 5 years, and mortality rates were higher for Russians and other ethnicities compared to Kazakhs, for males compared to females, for elder patients compared to younger patients, and for patients living in rural areas compared to city residents. The climatic parameters and the days of delay indicated a moderate interaction with the VM cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1041135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T09:09:48Z","timestamp":1672823388000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Epidemiological characteristics and climatic variability of viral meningitis in Kazakhstan, 2014\u20132019"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Sauran","family":"Yerdessov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Assel","family":"Zhunussova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aliya","family":"Imanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnur","family":"Gusmanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yesbolat","family":"Sakko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gulnur","family":"Zhakhina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamilla","family":"Mussina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dmitriy","family":"Syssoyev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aidar","family":"Alimbayev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anara","family":"Abbay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Sarria-Santamera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abduzhappar","family":"Gaipov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","unstructured":"Defeating Meningitis by 2030: A Global Road Map.2021"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pop.2013.06.001","article-title":"Meningitis","volume":"40","author":"Putz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prim Care."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000191407.81333.00","article-title":"Etiology of aseptic meningitis and encephalitis in an adult population","volume":"66","author":"Kupila","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2005.071142","article-title":"Sleep disorders are long-term sequelae of both bacterial and viral meningitis","volume":"77","author":"Schmidt","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh711","article-title":"Neuropsychological sequelae of bacterial and viral meningitis","volume":"129","author":"Schmidt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1007\/s004150200064","article-title":"Mild cognitive impairment after viral meningitis in adults","volume":"249","author":"Sittinger","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20509","article-title":"Enterovirus meningitis in Brazil, 1998\u20132003","volume":"78","author":"dos Santos","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Med Virol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23470","article-title":"Viral infections of the central nervous system in Spain: a prospective study","volume":"85","author":"de Ory","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Med Virol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30201-8","article-title":"Hospital admissions for viral meningitis in children in England over five decades: a population-based observational study","volume":"16","author":"Martin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s10109-005-0151-x","article-title":"Spatio-temporal pattern of viral meningitis in Michigan, 1993-2001","volume":"7","author":"Greene","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Geogr Syst."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101498","article-title":"Tick-borne pathogens and their vectors in Kazakhstan - 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