{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:28:21Z","timestamp":1753892901284,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020 is reminiscent of the H7N9 outbreak in 2013, which poses a huge threat to human health. We aim to compare clinical features and survival factors in fatal cases of COVID-19 and H7N9.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data on confirmed COVID-19 and H7N9 fatal cases identified in mainland China were analyzed to compare demographic characteristics and clinical severity. Survival curves were estimated by the Kaplan\u2013Meier method and compared using log-rank tests and a restricted mean survival time model. A Cox regression model was used to identify survival factors in fatal cases of COVID-19 and H7N9.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Similar demographic characteristics were observed in fatal cases of COVID-19 and H7N9. The proportion of fatal cases of H7N9 receiving antibiotics, antiviral drugs, and oxygen treatment was higher than that of COVID-19. The potential protective factors for fatal COVID-19 cases were receiving antibiotics (HR: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.22\u20130.61), oxygen treatment (HR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.44\u20130.99), and corticosteroids (HR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.35\u20130.62). In contrast, antiviral drugs (HR: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.08\u20130.56) and corticosteroids (HR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.29\u20130.69) were the protective factors for H7N9 fatal cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The proportion of males, those having one or more underlying medical condition, and older age was high in COVID-19 and H7N9 fatal cases. Offering antibiotics, oxygen treatment, and corticosteroids to COVID-19 cases extended the survival time. Continued global surveillance remains an essential component of pandemic preparedness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1047362","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T07:48:29Z","timestamp":1669276109000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison of clinical characteristics between COVID-19 and H7N9 fatal cases: An observational 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