{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T17:24:57Z","timestamp":1772299497527,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]],"date-time":"2022-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on family well-being and functioning were generally a concern for healthcare providers in many countries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To explore the changes in family functioning and family happiness during the pandemic in Thailand and to investigate factors associated with the changes in family happiness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a cross-sectional study conducted between November and December 2021. Online questionnaires regarding family functioning, family happiness, domestic violence, and COVID-19-related experiences were used.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 485 participants were included in this study. The perceived family happiness slightly decreased from 8.19 (pre-pandemic score) to 7.62 (post-pandemic score). In contrast, the general family functioning (SCORE-15 index), strength, and communication subscale scores after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic were significantly lower than those of the pre-pandemic period. Moreover, the prevalence of verbal and physical violence significantly reduced during the pandemic. In addition, the change in family functioning was the strongest factor associated with the change in family happiness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In general, family functioning slightly improved; however, perceived family happiness decreased during the pandemic. In addition, the change in family functioning was the strongest factor associated with the change in family happiness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1055819","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]],"date-time":"2022-12-22T08:01:23Z","timestamp":1671696083000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The changes in family functioning and family happiness during the COVID-19 pandemic: The situation in Thailand"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Nida","family":"Limsuwan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thanavadee","family":"Prachason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pattarabhorn","family":"Wisajun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","unstructured":"2022"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02143-7","article-title":"Global prevalence and burden of depressive and anxiety disorders in 204 countries and territories in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"398","author":"Collaborators","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.24457.1","article-title":"Epidemiology of mental health problems in COVID-19: a review","volume":"9","author":"Hossain","year":"2020","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2470","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18052470","article-title":"Impact of COVID-19 on mental health in adolescents: a systematic review","volume":"18","author":"Jones","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-021-00598-3","article-title":"Impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of US college students","volume":"9","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC psychology."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102812","article-title":"Domestic violence and psychological problems in married women during COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown: a community-based survey","volume":"64","author":"Indu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Asian J Psychiatr."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2021.0267","article-title":"Domestic violence before and during the covid-19 pandemic-a comparison of two representative population surveys","volume":"118","author":"Kliem","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1017\/dmp.2021.59","article-title":"Domestic violence and coping strategies among married adults during lockdown due to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in india: a cross-sectional study","volume":"16","author":"Sharma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Disaster Med Public Health Prep"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.21315\/mjms2021.28.3.16","article-title":"Exposure to domestic violence during the COVID-19 pandemic: a potent threat to the mental well-being of children","volume":"28","author":"Boo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Malays J Med Sci."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadr.2021.100183","article-title":"Examining the effects of social determinants of health on COVID-19 related stress, family's stress and discord, and personal diagnosis of COVID-19","volume":"5","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Affect Disord Rep."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/famp.12649","article-title":"J AM, Lee JK, Tornello SL, Hostetler ML, Cifelli JA, et al. 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