{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T07:18:20Z","timestamp":1765610300227,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]],"date-time":"2023-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The World Health Organization (WHO) End TB strategy document \u2018Toward tuberculosis elimination: an action framework for low incidence countries'\u2014like Canada\u2014 identifies screening and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) for groups at increased risk for TB disease as a priority, including newcomers from endemic countries. In 2015, the clients-centered model offered at a primary care facility for refugees, BridgeCare Clinic, Winnipeg, Canada was evaluated. The model included LTBI screening, assessment, and treatment, and originally offered 9-months of isoniazid as treatment. This mixed methods evaluation investigates LTBI program outcomes since the introduction of two short-course treatment regimens: 4-months of rifampin, and 3-months of isoniazid and rifapentine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study combined a retrospective analysis of program administrative data with structured interviews of clinic staff. We included LTBI treatment eligibility, the treatment regimen offered, treatment initiation, and completed treatment from January 1, 2015 to August 6, 2020.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seven hundred and one people were screened, and infection rates varied from 34.1% in 2015 to 53.3% in 2020. Most people living with LTBI came from high TB burden countries in Africa and South-East Asia WHO regions and were younger than 45 years old. Treatment eligibility increased 9% (75% in 2015 to 86% in 2016\u20132020) and most people diagnosed with LTBI took the short course treatments offered. There was an increase of 14.5% in treatment initiation (75.6 vs. 90.1%), and an increase of 8% in treatment completion (82.4 vs. 90.4%) after short-course regimens were introduced. The final model showed that the treatment regimen tends to affect the frequency of treatment completion, but there are other factors that influence this outcome, in this population. With the new treatments, BridgeCare Clinic achieved the 90% of treatment coverage, and the 90% treatment completion rate targets recommended in the End TB Strategy. Qualitative interviews with clinic staff further affirm the higher acceptability of the new treatments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>While these results are limited to government-sponsored refugees in Winnipeg, they highlight the acceptability and value of short-course LTBI treatment as a possibility for reaching End TB targets in primary care settings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1064136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]],"date-time":"2023-01-16T05:48:36Z","timestamp":1673848116000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Introduction of short course treatment for latent tuberculosis infection at a primary care facility for refugees in Winnipeg, Canada: A mixed methods evaluation"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Claudyne","family":"Chevrier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariana Herrera","family":"Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zulma Vanessa","family":"Rueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shivoan","family":"Balakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Haworth-Brockman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diana Marcela","family":"Marin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Afsaneh","family":"Oliver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Plourde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoav","family":"Keynan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.14745\/ccdr.v45i23a04","article-title":"Tuberculosis in Canada: 2017","volume":"45","author":"LaFreniere","year":"2019","journal-title":"Can Commun Dis Rep Releve Mal Transm Au Can."},{"key":"B2","unstructured":"Framework towards tuberculosis elimination in low incidence countries772014"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1080\/24745332.2022.2033062","article-title":"Chapter 1: epidemiology of tuberculosis in Canada","volume":"6","author":"Mounchili","year":"2022","journal-title":"Can J Respir Crit Care Sleep Med."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1080\/24745332.2022.2035544","article-title":"Chapter 13: tuberculosis surveillance and tuberculosis infection testing and treatment in migrants","volume":"6","author":"Greenaway","year":"2022","journal-title":"Can J Respir Crit Care Sleep Med."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.14745\/ccdr.v44i34a01","article-title":"Tuberculosis in Canada, 2016","volume":"44","author":"Vachon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can Commun Dis Rep"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-08907-y","article-title":"Active and latent tuberculosis in refugees and asylum seekers: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Proen\u00e7a","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Public Health."},{"key":"B7","first-page":"2013","volume-title":"The Epidemiology of Active Tuberculosis Disease in the Winnipeg Health Region","author":"Whitlock","year":"2018"},{"key":"B8","unstructured":"The End TB Strategy2015"},{"key":"B9","unstructured":"The time is now - 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