{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T13:19:02Z","timestamp":1792070342304,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evidence from previous studies has confirmed that functionally impaired elderly individuals are susceptible to comorbid anxiety and depression. Network theory holds that the comorbidity emerges from interactions between anxiety and depression symptoms. This study aimed to investigate the fine-grained relationships among anxiety and depression symptoms in the functionally impaired elderly and identify central and bridge symptoms to provide potential targets for intervention of these two comorbid disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 325 functionally impaired elderly individuals from five communities in Xi'an, China, were recruited for our investigation. The GAD-7 and PHQ-9 were used to measure anxiety and depression, respectively. SPSS 22.0 software was used for descriptive statistics, and R 4.1.1 software was used for network model construction, expected influence (EI) evaluation and bridge expected influence (BEI) evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the network, there were 35 edges (indicating partial correlations between symptoms) across the communities of anxiety and depression, among which the strongest edge was A1 \u201cNervousness or anxiety\u201d-D2 \u201cDepressed or sad mood.\u201d A2 \u201cUncontrollable worry\u201d and D2 \u201cDepressed or sad mood\u201d had the highest EI values in the network, while A6 \u201cIrritable\u201d and D7 \u201cConcentration difficulties\u201d had the highest BEI values of their respective community. In the flow network, the strongest direct edge of D9 \u201cThoughts of death\u201d was with D6 \u201cFeeling of worthlessness.\u201d<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Complex fine-grained relationships exist between anxiety and depression in functionally impaired elderly individuals. \u201cUncontrollable worry,\u201d \u201cdepressed or sad mood,\u201d \u201cirritable\u201d and \u201cconcentration difficulties\u201d are identified as the potential targets for intervention of anxiety and depression. Our study emphasizes the necessity of suicide prevention for functionally impaired elderly individuals, and the symptom \u201cfeeling of worthlessness\u201d can be used as an effective target.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1067646","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T13:24:50Z","timestamp":1669901090000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Network analysis of anxiety and depression in the functionally impaired 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