{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T12:26:39Z","timestamp":1785327999242,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In June 2021, a condominium in Florida collapsed, with the loss of 98 lives. Search and rescue teams spent 2 weeks, recovering the victims. This study's objective was to assess the presence of psychological symptoms that might emerge in the following months, using the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), Patient Health Questionnaire\u22129 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder \u2013 7 (GAD-7), Suicide Cognitions Scale-Short (SCS-S), and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). A monthly survey conducted for 3 months found that overall, mean scores on these measures did not indicate significant emotional distress. We then compared the scores when the group was divided into responders who recovered human remains and those who did not. Scores were significantly higher among the subgroup that recovered human remains. Fifty-three percent (53%) of this sub-group met the cut-off score for a provisional diagnosis of PTSD, depressive disorder or generalized anxiety disorder\u221215% met the cut-off score criteria on the PCL-5 for probable PTSD, 36.8% for probable depressive disorder on the PHQ-9, and 26.3% for probable generalized anxiety disorder on the GAD-7. The results are consistent with other investigations examining mental health after mass disasters. Specifically, not all first responders will develop emotional distress but certain recovery activities may put some responders at higher risk, with a percentage displaying psychological distress. The results emphasize the need to assess the impact of these events on the mental health of first responders and to consider strategies to prevent or mitigate the development of impairing psychopathology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1104534","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T10:25:09Z","timestamp":1673259909000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["After the fall: Responding to the Champlain Towers building collapse"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Deborah C.","family":"Beidel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David C.","family":"Rozek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clint A.","family":"Bowers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amie R.","family":"Newins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria L.","family":"Steigerwald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0000000000000947","article-title":"Alcohol use problems, posttraumatic stress disorder, and suicide risk among trauma-exposed firefighters","volume":"207","author":"Bing-Canar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1037\/a0017829","article-title":"Beyond resilience and PTSD: Mapping the heterogeneity of responses to potential trauma","volume":"4","author":"Bonanno","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol Trauma."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e59236","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0059236","article-title":"A systematic review of PTSD prevalence and trajectories in DSM-5 defined trauma exposed populations: intentional and non-intentional traumatic events","volume":"8","author":"Santiago","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22011","article-title":"Trajectories of scores on a screening instrument for PTSD among world trade center rescue, recovery, and clean-up workers","volume":"28","author":"Maslow","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291717002033","article-title":"9\/11-related PTSD among highly exposed populations: a systematic review 15 years after the attack","author":"Lowell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.06.005","article-title":"Differential predictive value of PTSD symptom clusters for mental health care among Iraq and Afghanistan veterans following PTSD diagnosis","volume":"256","author":"Smith","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"B7","author":"Miami-Dade","year":"2022","journal-title":"Champlain Towers South Building Collapse: A Report on the Response. Miami-Dade County"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3361","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291714001299","article-title":"Does asking about suicide and related behaviors induce suicidal ideation? What is the evidence?","volume":"44","author":"Dazzi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychol Med."},{"key":"B9","unstructured":"The PTSD checklist for DSM5 (PCL-5)\n            WeathersFW\n            LitzBT\n            KeaneTM\n            PalmieriPA\n            MarxBP\n            SchnurrPA\n          National Center for PTSD2013"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22059","article-title":"The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5): Development and Initial Psychometric Evaluation","volume":"28","author":"Blevins","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3928\/0048-5713-20020901-06","article-title":"The PHQ-9: a new depression diagnostic and severity measure","volume":"32","author":"Kroenke","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychiatr Ann."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1080\/16506073.2010.550059","volume":"40","author":"Titov","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cogn Behav Ther."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.110829","article-title":"Optimal cut-off score for diagnosing depression with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9): a meta-analysis","volume":"184","author":"Manea","year":"2012","journal-title":"CMAJ."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1017\/ipm.2015.54","article-title":"Differences between DSM-IV and DSM-5 as applied to general adult psychiatry","volume":"33","author":"Murphy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ir J Psychol Med"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22217","article-title":"Major depressive disorder in DSM-V: Implications for clinical practice and research of changes from DSM-IV","volume":"31","author":"Uher","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dep Anx."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092","article-title":"A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7","volume":"166","author":"Spitzer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e318160d093","article-title":"Validation and standardization of the generalized anxiety disorder screener (GAD-7) in the general population","volume":"46","author":"L\u00f6we","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med Care."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867413503719","article-title":"The status quo as a good outcome: How the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for generalized anxiety disorder remained unchanged from the DSM-IV criteria","volume":"47","author":"Starcevic","year":"2013","journal-title":"ANZJP."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1027\/0227-5910\/a000639","article-title":"Prospective validity of the Suicide Cognitions Scale among acutely suicidal military personnel seeking unscheduled psychiatric intervention","volume":"41","author":"Bryan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crisis: J Crisis Intervent Suicide Prevent"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1080\/08995605.2021.1897498","article-title":"A Psychometric evaluation of the suicide cognitions scale-revised (SCS-R)","volume":"34","author":"Bryan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mil Psychol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10731911211050894","article-title":"Suicide cognitions scale: psychometric support in a community sample using bifactor modeling and altered item content","author":"Moscardini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Assess"},{"key":"B22","first-page":"238","volume-title":"Insomnia: Psychological Assessment and Management","author":"Morin","year":"1993"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2020.102339","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the PCL-5 in a sample of first responders","volume":"77","author":"Morrison","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/trm0000413","article-title":"Trauma symptoms and suicidal ideation in firefighters with consideration of exposure to natural disaster","author":"Herzog","year":"2022","journal-title":"Traumatology."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1104534\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T10:25:24Z","timestamp":1673259924000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1104534\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]]},"references-count":24,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1104534"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1104534","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]]},"article-number":"1104534"}}