{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:41:24Z","timestamp":1792806084932,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":165,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,8]],"date-time":"2022-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644278400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Due to the continuous rise of global temperatures and heatwaves worldwide as a result of climate change, concerns for the health and safety of working populations have increased. Workers in the food production chain, particularly farmworkers, are especially vulnerable to heat stress due to the strenuous nature of their work, which is performed primarily outdoors under poor working conditions. At the cross-section of climate change and farmworkers' health, a scoping review was undertaken to summarize the existing knowledge regarding the health impacts associated with climate change and heat stress, guide future research toward better understanding current and future climate change risks, and inform policies to protect the health and safety of agricultural workers. A systematic search of 5 electronic databases and gray literature websites was conducted to identify relevant literature published up until December 2021. A total of 9045 records were retrieved from the searches, of which 92 articles were included in the final review. The majority of the reviewed articles focused on heat-related illnesses (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 57) and kidney diseases (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 28). The risk factors identified in the reviewed studies included gender, dehydration, heat strain, wearing inappropriate clothing, workload, piece-rate payment, job decision latitude, and hot environmental conditions. On the other hand, various protective and preventive factors were identified including drinking water, changing work hours and schedule of activities, wearing appropriate clothing, reducing soda consumption, taking breaks in shaded or air-conditioned areas, and increasing electrolyte consumption in addition to improving access to medical care. This review also identified various factors that are unique to vulnerable agricultural populations, including migrant and child farmworkers. Our findings call for an urgent need to expand future research on vulnerable agricultural communities including migrant workers so as to develop effective policies and interventions that can protect these communities from the effects of heat stress.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.782811","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,8]],"date-time":"2022-02-08T00:42:29Z","timestamp":1644280949000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":196,"title":["Impacts of Climate Change and Heat Stress on Farmworkers' Health: A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Moussa","family":"El Khayat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana A.","family":"Halwani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Layal","family":"Hneiny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Alameddine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustapha A.","family":"Haidar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rima R.","family":"Habib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","unstructured":"AR6 Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2015.05.014","article-title":"A review on the scientific understanding of heatwaves\u2014Their measurement, driving mechanisms, and changes at the global scale","volume":"164","author":"Perkins","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atmos Res"},{"key":"B3","unstructured":"2021"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3357","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16970-7","article-title":"Increasing trends in regional heatwaves","volume":"11","author":"Perkins-Kirkpatrick","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B5","unstructured":"Global warming of 1.5\u00b0C"},{"key":"B6","unstructured":"Special Report on Climate Change and Land"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"064003","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/ab7d04","article-title":"Escalating global exposure to compound heat-humidity extremes with warming","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ Res Lett"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2019.01.010","article-title":"Impact of heat on mortality and morbidity in low and middle income countries: A review of the epidemiological evidence and considerations for future research","volume":"171","author":"Green","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.01.212","article-title":"Impact of ambient temperature on morbidity and mortality: an overview of reviews","volume":"586","author":"Song","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.02.027","article-title":"Temperature-related morbidity and mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review of the empirical evidence","volume":"91","author":"Amegah","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"n1734","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n1734","article-title":"Call for emergency action to limit global temperature increases, restore biodiversity, and protect health","volume":"374","author":"Atwoli","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B12","unstructured":"Criteria for a Recommended Standard Occupational Exposure to Heat and Hot Environments"},{"key":"B13","unstructured":"TLVs and BEIs: Based on the Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents & Biological Exposure Indices. 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