{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T01:54:36Z","timestamp":1783648476714,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,6]],"date-time":"2022-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649203200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"Background<\/jats:title>Emergency room nurses have a strong influence on the population of smokeless tobacco users. If healthcare providers address patient's tobacco use by using a brief intervention strategy (one minute or less), it increases the quit attempt rate threefold. The object of this study is to assess the effectiveness of asynchronous internet based brief tobacco intervention training with rural emergency room nurses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>A 1-h asynchronous training session on smokeless tobacco use and the 2-A and 1-R (Ask, Advise, and Refer) brief tobacco intervention strategy were given to 13 emergency room nurses at a rural acute care hospital in West Virginia. Paired sample t<\/jats:italic>-tests were used to compare the pre-and post-test results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>The 1-h training session produced significant and positive increases in all items measured: increased motivation to assist patients in quitting; increased knowledge of smokeless tobacco use, its dangers, and cessation processes; increased self-efficacy in implementing brief interventions; increased perception of tobacco cessation as important; increased perception of the effectiveness of tobacco cessation interventions; and increased acknowledgment of barriers and an awareness of how to deal with them.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>The results suggest that there is a significant potential benefit from training emergency room nurses. Brief tobacco interventions should be conducted by clinical staff during the medical history check, physical examination, or discharge phases of the emergency room visit.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.811397","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,6]],"date-time":"2022-04-06T04:55:34Z","timestamp":1649220934000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Smokeless Tobacco Cessation in an Emergency Room in Rural West Virginia"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Donald","family":"Reed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathy","family":"Danberry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","unstructured":"Smoking and Tobacco Use. Retrieved from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention2015"},{"key":"B2","unstructured":"Targeting the Nation's Leading Killer - Tobacco at a Glance2011"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.01.025","article-title":"Alcohol, tobacco, and drug use among emergency department patients","volume":"138","author":"Sanjuan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6544a2","article-title":"Cigarette smoking among adults\u2014United States, 2005\u20132015","volume":"65","year":"2016","journal-title":"Morb Mortal Wkly Rep."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2011.04.002","article-title":"Sociodemographic and substance use correlates of tobacco use in a large, multi-ethnic sample of emergency department patients","volume":"36","author":"McCabe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Addict Behav."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph8010253","article-title":"Tobacco use among emergency department patients","volume":"8","author":"Smith","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntr128","article-title":"Ethnoracial differences in emergency department patients' tobacco use","volume":"13","author":"Woodruff","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agh080","article-title":"Gender differences in the relationships between alcohol, tobacco and mental health in patients attending an emergency department","volume":"39","author":"Alati","year":"2004","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1080\/14622200802239272","article-title":"Nicotine dependence, motivation to quit, and diagnosis among adult emergency department patients who smoke: a national survey","volume":"10","author":"Bernstein","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02879900","article-title":"Changes in smoking associated with an acute health event: theoretical and practical implications","volume":"33","author":"Boudreaux","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Behav Med."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.2008.028753","article-title":"Emergency department-initiated tobacco control: a randomised controlled trial in an inner city university hospital","volume":"18","author":"Neuner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Tob Control."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s13722-015-0045-2","article-title":"Health evaluation and referral assistant: a randomized controlled trial to improve smoking cessation among emergency department patients","volume":"10","author":"Boudreaux","year":"2015","journal-title":"Addict Sci Clin Pract."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/1940-0640-7-4","article-title":"Patient preferences for emergency department-initiated tobacco interventions: a multicenter cross-sectional study of current smokers","volume":"7","author":"Choo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Addict Sci Clin Pract."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.12421","article-title":"Emergency department provider preferences related to clinical practice guidelines for tobacco cessation: a multicenter survey","volume":"21","author":"Walters","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-227X-7-15","article-title":"Quitline referral vs. self-help manual for tobacco use cessation in the emergency department: a feasibility study","volume":"7","author":"Schiebel","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Emerg Med."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/nts219","article-title":"The emergency department action in smoking cessation (EDASC) trial: impact on cessation outcomes","volume":"15","author":"Katz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nicot Tob Res."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2015.04.058","article-title":"A smoking cessation intervention for low-income smokers in the ED","volume":"33","author":"Mahabee-Gittens","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med."},{"key":"B18","volume-title":"ED-initiated tobacco cessation treatment","author":"Pallin","year":"2015"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6955-11-6","article-title":"Tobacco cessation clinical practice guideline use by rural and urban hospital nurses: A pre-implementation needs assessment","volume":"11","author":"Smith","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Nurs."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.5993\/AJHB.35.5.4","article-title":"Emergency department-initiated tobacco dependence treatment","volume":"35","author":"Anders","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Health Behav."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2753.2008.01058.x","article-title":"Training health care providers in the treatment of tobacco use and dependence: Pre- and post-training results","volume":"15","author":"Sheffer","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Eval Clin Pract."},{"key":"B22","volume-title":"The Statistical Imagination: Elementary Statistics for the Social Sciences, 2nd ed","author":"Ritchey","year":"2008"},{"key":"B23","volume-title":"Treating Tobacco Use And Dependence: 2008 Update","author":"Fiore","year":"2008"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2005.05.007","article-title":"Nicotine dependence, motivation to quit, and diagnosis in emergency department patients who smoke","volume":"31","author":"Bernstein","year":"2006","journal-title":"Addict Behav."},{"key":"B25","unstructured":"Determinants of Health"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.811397\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,6]],"date-time":"2022-04-06T04:55:42Z","timestamp":1649220942000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.811397\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,6]]},"references-count":25,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2022.811397"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.811397","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,6]]},"article-number":"811397"}}