{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:28:05Z","timestamp":1753892885475,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":124,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]],"date-time":"2022-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, there is much discussion about contact tracing apps, their use to contain the spread of the virus as well as the ethical, legal, and social aspects of their development, implementation, acceptance, and use. In these discussions, authors frequently mention \u201csolidarity\u201d when making key points in arguments. At the same time, authors rarely specify how they understand \u201csolidarity\u201d. This lack of specification about how they understand \u201csolidarity\u201d can lead to misunderstandings in discussions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To prevent such misunderstandings, it is important to specify how one understands \u201csolidarity\u201d when mentioning it in the discussions on contact tracing apps. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to elaborate how \u201csolidarity\u201d is understood in the context of contact tracing apps, i.e., how different authors understand \u201csolidarity\u201d when using it in discussions about these apps.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In order to find out how different authors understand \u201csolidarity\u201d when discussing contact tracing apps, I conduct a literature review. I collect papers from several databases, inductively work out central differences and similarities between the different uses of \u201csolidarity\u201d, and use them to code and analyze relevant passages.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the final sample, five different understandings of \u201csolidarity\u201d in the context of contact tracing apps can be identified. These understandings differ in how different authors (1) imagine the basic concept of solidarity, i.e., what \u201csolidarity\u201d refers to, (2) how they temporally relate solidarity to contact tracing apps, and (3) how they perceive the causal interactions between solidarity and contact tracing apps, i.e., the different ways in which solidarity and contact tracing apps influence each other.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The five understandings of \u201csolidarity\u201d in the context of contact tracing apps presented here can serve as guidance for how \u201csolidarity\u201d can be understood in discussions\u2014thus contributing to a better mutual understanding and preventing communicative misunderstandings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.859831","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]],"date-time":"2022-07-22T15:22:54Z","timestamp":1658503374000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["How is \u201csolidarity\u201d understood in discussions about contact tracing apps? 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