{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:55:28Z","timestamp":1791921328974,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,6]],"date-time":"2022-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Responding to the fast transmission rates and increasing fatality rates, countries across the world expedited the development and deployment of the vaccine for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Evaluation of individuals' willingness to pay (WTP) would provide pertinent information regarding future demand and financing preferences, which shall help to devise the effective payment strategy for COVID-19 vaccination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A nationwide, cross-sectional, and self-administered online survey using a structured questionnaire was conducted to identify the sociodemographic determinants of willingness and extent to pay for COVID-19 vaccine in India. A non-probability convenience sampling followed by snowball sampling was employed to recruit participants (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 3,341). The likelihood of sociodemographic determinants to predict willingness and extent to pay was modeled using the multivariate binary logistic regression analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Out of 3,341 participants, 68% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 2,271) were willingness to pay for COVID-19 vaccine. Results showed significantly higher odds for willingness to pay among participants who were single [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.394, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.01] and having a family size of 4 members (aOR = 1.346, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.01). The adjusted odds ratio sizably increased from 1.396 for participants whose monthly income was between INR 10,000 and 20,000\/month to 2.240 for participants whose monthly income was above INR 50,000\/month. Further, out of 2,271 of those participants who were willingness to pay for COVID-19 vaccine, majority (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 1,246, 54.9%) of participants were willingness to pay below 50% of COVID-19 vaccine cost. This study found that those who are single (aOR = 0.688, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.01), having an income between INR 20,000 and 50,000\/month (aOR = 0.686, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05), and those who belonged to socially disadvantaged category (aOR = 0.450, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.01) were estimated to have significantly lower odds of willingness to pay more than 50% of COVID-19 vaccine cost.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study observed that majority of those participants who willingness to pay for COVID-19 vaccine were willingness to pay only up to 50% of COVID-19 vaccine and income was observed as a precursor predictor of the willingness and extent to pay for COVID-19 vaccine. The understanding on the willingness and extent to pay for COVID-19 vaccine and its sociodemographic determinants will be helpful for making the strategic decisions related to the financing of COVID vaccine in India.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.870880","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,6]],"date-time":"2022-06-06T10:39:29Z","timestamp":1654511969000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Sociodemographic Determinants of Willingness and Extent to Pay for COVID-19 Vaccine in India"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Tanvi","family":"Kiran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. 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