{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:27:22Z","timestamp":1787027242854,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]],"date-time":"2022-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    COVID-19 vaccines have proven to be very safe in the clinical trials, however, there is less evidence comparing the safety of these vaccines in real-world settings. Therefore, we aim to investigate the nature and severity of the adverse effects reported and the differences based on the type of vaccine received. A survey was conducted among 1,878 adult (\u226518 years) COVID-19 vaccine recipients through online survey platforms and telephonic interviews during March to September 2021. The factors potentially associated with the reported side effects like age, gender, ethnicity, comorbidities, and previous COVID-19 infection were analyzed based on the type of vaccine received. Differences in adverse events and the severity were compared between inactivated and mRNA vaccine recipients. The major adverse effects reported by the COVID-19 vaccine recipients were pain at the site of injection, fatigue and drowsiness, and headache followed by joint\/muscle pain. The adverse effects were more common among recipients of mRNA Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine than among recipients of inactive Sinopharm vaccine with the odds ratio of 1.39 (95% CI 1.14\u20131.68). The average number of adverse effects reported between individuals who had received Sinopharm and Pfizer-BioNTech vaccines was 1.61 \u00b1 2.08 and 2.20 \u00b1 2.58, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt;0.001). Severe adverse effects after COVID-19 vaccinations were rare and 95% of the adverse effects reported after either an inactivated or mRNA vaccine were mild requiring no or home-based treatment. The study found that individuals less than 55 years of age, female gender, with history of one or more comorbid conditions, who had received mRNA Pfizer- BioNTech vaccine, and with history of COVID-19 infections are at higher odds of developing an adverse effect post COVID-19 vaccination compared to the others.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.876336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]],"date-time":"2022-05-06T01:56:00Z","timestamp":1651802160000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Vaccine Side Effects Following COVID-19 Vaccination Among the Residents of the UAE\u2014An Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Subhashini","family":"Ganesan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Latifa Mohammad Baynouna","family":"Al Ketbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nawal","family":"Al Kaabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Al Mansoori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noura Nasser","family":"Al Maskari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariam Saif","family":"Al Shamsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aysha Saeed","family":"Alderei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamada Nasser","family":"El Eissaee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rudina Mubarak","family":"Al Ketbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noura Saeed","family":"Al Shamsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khuloud Mohammed","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aysha Fahad","family":"Al Blooshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavia Martinez","family":"Cantarutti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Warren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faheem","family":"Ahamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walid","family":"Zaher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2798-3","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in development","volume":"586","author":"Krammer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1038\/d41573-020-00073-5","article-title":"The COVID-19 vaccine development landscape","volume":"19","author":"Andreadakis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov."},{"key":"B3","unstructured":"UAE Vaccine for Coronavirus: Sinopharm's Jab Approved"},{"key":"B4","unstructured":"UAE Covid Vaccination Rate Increases: Tops World in One Category"},{"key":"B5","unstructured":"UAE Coronavirus (COVID-19) Updates"},{"key":"B6","unstructured":"Coronavirus (COVID-19) Vaccinations"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.15543","article-title":"Effect of an inactivated vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 on safety and immunogenicity outcomes: interim analysis of 2 randomized clinical trials","volume":"324","author":"Xia","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2639-4","article-title":"Phase I\/II study of COVID-19 RNA vaccine BNT162b1 in adults","volume":"586","author":"Mulligan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31604-4","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: a preliminary report of a phase 1\/2, single-blind, randomised controlled trial","volume":"396","author":"Folegatti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31866-3","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of an rAd26 and rAd5 vector-based heterologous prime-boost COVID-19 vaccine in two formulations: two open, non-randomised phase 1\/2 studies from Russia","volume":"396","author":"Logunov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2201","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.5374","article-title":"Reactogenicity following receipt of mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines","volume":"325","author":"Chapin-Bardales","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"794642","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.794642","article-title":"Reactogenicity and Immunogenicity of the Pfizer and AstraZeneca COVID-19 Vaccines","volume":"12","author":"Mahallawi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2021.09.009","article-title":"Reactogenicity following two doses of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine: real-world evidence from healthcare workers in Japan","volume":"28","author":"Saita","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/13669877.2020.1870533","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccine rollout risk communication strategies in Europe: a rapid response","author":"Warren","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Risk Res"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1007\/s10198-020-01208-6","article-title":"Once we have it, will we use it? A European survey on willingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19","volume":"21","author":"Neumann-B\u00f6hme","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Health Econ."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines8040582","article-title":"Influences on attitudes regarding potential COVID-19 vaccination in the United States","volume":"8","author":"Pogue","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vaccines."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-020-00671-y","article-title":"Vaccine hesitancy: the next challenge in the fight against COVID-19","volume":"35","author":"Dror","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9060566","article-title":"IADS-SCORE. Global prevalence and drivers of dental students' COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy","volume":"9","author":"Riad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccines."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-11620-z","article-title":"Understanding perception and acceptance of Sinopharm vaccine and vaccination against COVID\u221219 in the UAE","volume":"21","author":"Ahamed","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC public health"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7859","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18157859","article-title":"COVID-19 Vaccines Safety Tracking (CoVaST): protocol of a multi-center prospective cohort study for active surveillance of COVID-19 vaccines' side effects","volume":"18","author":"Riad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2629","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10122629","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of CoronaVac side effects: an independent cross-sectional study among healthcare workers in Turkey","volume":"10","author":"Riad","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758294","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.758294","article-title":"The impact of age difference on the efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccines: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B23","unstructured":"UAE Covid Vaccination Doses Cross 4 million"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-019-0132-6","article-title":"The how's and what's of vaccine reactogenicity","volume":"4","author":"Herv\u00e9","year":"2019","journal-title":"NPJ Vaccines."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S310497","article-title":"Minor to moderate side effects of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine among Saudi residents: a retrospective cross-sectional study","volume":"14","author":"El-Shitany","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Gen Med."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00224-3","article-title":"Vaccine side-effects and SARS-CoV-2 infection after vaccination in users of the COVID Symptom Study app in the UK: a prospective observational study","volume-title":"Lancet Infect Dis.","author":"Menni","year":"2021"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.08.013","article-title":"Side effects and perceptions following Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccination","volume":"111","author":"Saeed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2021.1925112","article-title":"Safety of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine among healthcare workers in China","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp Rev Vaccines."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.02.08.21251366","article-title":"Survey of symptoms following COVID-19 vaccination in India","volume-title":"medRxiv.","author":"Jayadevan","year":"2021"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.01.30.21250843","article-title":"Single dose vaccination in healthcare workers previously infected with SARS-CoV-2","volume-title":"medRxiv","author":"Saadat","year":"2021"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.01.29.21250653","article-title":"Robust spike antibody responses and increased reactogenicity in seropositive individuals after a single dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine","volume-title":"medRxiv","author":"Krammer","year":"2021"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2017.243","article-title":"mRNA vaccines\u2014a new era in vaccinology","volume":"17","author":"Pardi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9060556","article-title":"Effects and perceptions following COVID-19 vaccination in Jordan: a randomized, cross-sectional study implementing machine learning for predicting severity of side effects","volume":"9","author":"Hatmal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccines."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2140364","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.40364","article-title":"Analysis of COVID-19 Vaccine Type and Adverse Effects Following Vaccination","volume":"4","author":"Beatty","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.876336\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]],"date-time":"2022-05-06T01:56:08Z","timestamp":1651802168000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.876336\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2022.876336"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.876336","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]]},"article-number":"876336"}}