{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T10:10:13Z","timestamp":1772273413250,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]],"date-time":"2022-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the World Health Organization - International Telecommunication Union MyopiaEd programme - a digital message programme targeting education on myopia and its prevention. The development of the MyopiaEd programme included 4 key steps: (1) Conceptualization and consultation with experts in the field of myopia, mHealth and health behavior change; (2) Creation of SMS message libraries and programme algorithm; (3) Review of the message libraries to ensure relevance to the target audience; and (4) Pre-testing amongst end-user groups to ensure that the design of the programme and the message content were understandable. After reviewing the available evidence and considering input of the experts, the aims, end users and key themes of the programme were finalized. Separate SMS-adapted message libraries were developed, reviewed and pre-tested for four target end-user groups; (1) general population involved in the care of children (2) parents or caregivers of children with myopia; (3) adolescents with myopia; and (4) adults with myopia. The message libraries are part of a comprehensive toolkit, developed through a consultative process with experts in digital health, to support implementation within countries. The development of the MyopiaEd programme aims to provide a basis for Member States and other stakeholders to develop, implement and monitor large-scale mHealth programmes. It is aimed at raising awareness of good eye care behaviors and addressing common reasons for non-compliance to spectacle wear. The next steps will involve adapting and evaluating the MyopiaEd programme in selected settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.881889","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]],"date-time":"2022-05-26T05:04:41Z","timestamp":1653541481000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The WHO-ITU MyopiaEd Programme: A Digital Message Programme Targeting Education on Myopia and Its Prevention"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Stuart","family":"Keel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pirindha","family":"Govender-Poonsamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alarcos","family":"Cieza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Faal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Flitcroft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Gifford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingguang","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajiv","family":"Khandekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kovin","family":"Naidoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matt","family":"Oerding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyoko","family":"Ohno-Matsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvio","family":"Mariotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Wildsoet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James S.","family":"Wolffsohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tien Y.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sangchul","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Mueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosie","family":"Dobson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.10.029","article-title":"Estimated lost productivity resulting from the global burden of myopia: systematic review, meta-analysis, and modelling","volume":"196","author":"Naidoo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ophthalmology."},{"key":"B2","unstructured":"2019"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-020-01345-9","article-title":"Compliance to spectacle use in children with refractive errors-a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Dhirar","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmology."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.62.5.3","article-title":"IMI risk factors for myopia","volume-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci.","author":"Morgan","year":"2021"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60272-4","article-title":"Myopia","volume":"379","author":"Morgan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-015-0052-9","article-title":"Effect of outdoor 0activity on myopia onset and progression in school-aged children in northeast china: the sujiatun eye care study","volume":"15","author":"Jin","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmology."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2010.73","article-title":"Attitudes of students, parents, and teachers toward glasses use in rural China","volume":"128","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12455","article-title":"Parental attitudes to myopia: a key agent of change for myopia control?","volume":"38","author":"McCrann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3781660","article-title":"Myopia progression in children during COVID-19 home confinement in Argentina","volume":"14","author":"Picotti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oftalmol Clin Exp."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2020.6239","article-title":"Progression of myopia in school-aged children after COVID-19 home confinement","volume":"139","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.14475","article-title":"Increase in myopia reported among children during COVID-19 lockdown","volume":"326","author":"Kuehn","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e107","DOI":"10.2196\/mhealth.4917","article-title":"Developing and pretesting a text messaging program for health behavior change: recommended steps","volume":"3","author":"Abroms","year":"2015","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1080\/10810730.2011.649103","article-title":"A development and evaluation process for mHealth interventions: examples from New Zealand","volume":"1","author":"Whittaker","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Health Commun"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"M132","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-25955","article-title":"IMI \u2013 Clinical myopia control trials and instrumentation report","volume":"60","author":"Wolffsohn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"M1","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-25980","article-title":"IMI \u2013 Myopia control reports overview and introduction","volume":"60","author":"Wolffsohn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"M106","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-25958","article-title":"IMI \u2013 Interventions myopia institute: interventions for controlling myopia onset and progression report","volume":"60","author":"Wildsoet","year":"2019","journal-title":"Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"M31","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-25967","article-title":"Imi \u2013 Report on experimental models of emmetropization and myopia","volume":"60","author":"Troilo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"M89","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-25965","article-title":"IMI \u2013 Myopia genetics report","volume":"60","author":"Tedja","year":"2019","journal-title":"Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"M161","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-25963","article-title":"IMI \u2013 Industry guidelines and ethical considerations for Myopia control report","volume":"60","author":"Jones","year":"2019","journal-title":"Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"M184","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-25977","article-title":"IMI \u2013 Clinical management guidelines report","volume":"60","author":"Gifford","year":"2019","journal-title":"Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"M20","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-25957","article-title":"IMI \u2013 Defining and classifying myopia: a proposed set of standards for clinical and epidemiologic studies","volume":"60","author":"Flitcroft","year":"2019","journal-title":"Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2021-319306","article-title":"Interventions recommended for myopia prevention and control among children and adolescents in China: a systematic review","volume-title":"Br J Ophthalmol","author":"Zhu","year":"2021"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0140419","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0140419","article-title":"The association between near work activities and myopia in children-a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS ONE."},{"key":"B24","unstructured":""},{"key":"B25","unstructured":""},{"key":"B26","unstructured":"2022"},{"key":"B27","unstructured":""},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13403","article-title":"Time spent in outdoor activities in relation to myopia prevention and control: a meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"95","author":"Xiong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6779","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-15978","article-title":"Light exposure and eye growth in childhood","volume":"56","author":"Read","year":"2015","journal-title":"Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.01.054","article-title":"Increased time outdoors is followed by reversal of the long-term trend to reduced visual acuity in taiwan primary school students","volume":"127","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmology."},{"key":"B31","unstructured":"2022"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.08.003","article-title":"Efficacy of text messaging-based interventions for health promotion: a meta-analysis","volume":"97","author":"Head","year":"2013","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1111\/wvn.12002","article-title":"Physical activity text messaging interventions in adults: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Buchholz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Worldviews Evid Based Nurs."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60701-0","article-title":"Smoking cessation support delivered via mobile phone text messaging (txt2stop): a single-blind, randomised trial","volume":"378","author":"Free","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogla.2020.05.005","article-title":"The effect of patient education and telemedicine reminders on adherence to eye drops for glaucoma","volume":"3","author":"Lai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Glaucoma."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e18353","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000018353","article-title":"The effect of text message reminders on medication adherence among patients with coronary heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"98","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2016.2819","article-title":"Interventions to promote follow-up after trabeculectomy surgery in rural southern China: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"134","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2018.07.006","article-title":"A mobile phone informational reminder to improve eye care adherence among diabetic patients in rural china: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"194","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2415-8-9","article-title":"Effectiveness of mobile-phone short message service (SMS) reminders for ophthalmology outpatient appointments: observational study","volume-title":"BMC Ophthalmology.","author":"Koshy","year":"2008"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2021.3695","article-title":"Effect of school-based family health education via social media on children's myopia and parents' awareness: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"139","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B41","unstructured":""},{"key":"B42","unstructured":""},{"key":"B43","unstructured":"2015"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.881889\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]],"date-time":"2022-05-26T05:04:49Z","timestamp":1653541489000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.881889\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2022.881889"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.881889","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]]},"article-number":"881889"}}