{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T15:13:05Z","timestamp":1785510785555,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,20]],"date-time":"2022-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Living alone is often associated with reduced social support. However, there are limited data on the relationship between living alone and cardiovascular events or hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study reports a <jats:italic>post-hoc<\/jats:italic> analysis of the \u201cAction to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD)\u201d study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Research Design and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Cox proportional hazard models were used to compare the hazard ratios (HRs) for the adverse health events selected as primary endpoints in the study participants; these were compared between those living alone and those living with others. The primary outcomes were hypoglycemia requiring any assistance (HAA), hypoglycemia requiring medical assistance (HMA), and major cardiovascular events (MACEs, including cardiac death, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), and non-fatal stroke). Our study included 10,249 participants (2,078 living alone) with a follow-up period of 4.91 \u00b1 1.22 years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After a multivariable adjustment, the risk of HAA, HMA, and MACEs did not differ significantly between participants living alone and those living with others (HAA, HR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.75\u20131.04, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.13; HMA, HR: 1.11, 95% CI: 0.92\u20131.34, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.26; MACEs, HR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.80\u20131.19, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.82). Participants living alone had higher levels of glycated hemoglobin in the middle follow-up period than those living with others.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In patients with T2DM, living alone did not increase the risk of cardiovascular events (cardiac death, non-fatal MI, or non-fatal stroke) and hypoglycemia. Patients living alone had higher Hb1AC levels than those living with others. Clinicians should consider an effective blood glucose control regardless of their living arrangement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.883383","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,20]],"date-time":"2022-05-20T06:02:10Z","timestamp":1653026530000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Living Alone Is Not Associated With Cardiovascular Events and Hypoglycemia in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Zhaowei","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenyu","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenhua","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17010220","article-title":"Effect of a comprehensive health care program on blood pressure, blood glucose, body composition, and depression in older adults living alone: a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest study","volume":"17","author":"Hwang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health."},{"key":"B2","first-page":"24","article-title":"Living arrangements among older people: an 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