{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T07:23:02Z","timestamp":1770708182761,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]],"date-time":"2022-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658966400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01GL1748A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01GL1748A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01GL1748B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01GL1748B"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although a substantial part of employees suffers from a mental illness, the work situation of this population still is understudied. Previous research suggests that people with a mental illness experience discrimination in the workplace, which is known to have detrimental effects on health. Building on the stereotype content model and allostatic load theory, the present study investigated whether employees with a mental illness become socially excluded at the workplace and therefore show more days of sick leave. Overall, 86 employees diagnosed with a mental disorder were interviewed and completed online-surveys. Path analyses supported the hypotheses, yielding a serial mediation: The interview-rated severity of the mental disorder had an indirect effect on the days of sick leave, mediated by the symptomatic burden and the social exclusion at the workplace. In the light of the costs associated with absenteeism the present paper highlights the harmfulness of discrimination. Organizations and especially supervisors need to be attentive for signs of exclusion within their teams and try to counteract as early as possible.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.892174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]],"date-time":"2022-08-08T10:03:28Z","timestamp":1659953008000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Leave Me Alone With Your Symptoms! Social Exclusion at the Workplace Mediates the Relationship of Employee's Mental Illness and Sick Leave"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Benjamin Pascal","family":"Frank","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clara Magdalena","family":"Theil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Brill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Christiansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Schwenck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meinhard","family":"Kieser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Corinna","family":"Reck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ricarda","family":"Steinmayr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Wirthwein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Otto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"The COMPARE-family Research Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5545.31597","article-title":"Disability associated with mental disorders","volume":"48","author":"Chaudhury","year":"2006","journal-title":"Indian J Psychiatry."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.107.039107","article-title":"Disability and treatment of specific mental and physical disorders across the world","volume":"192","author":"Ormel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry."},{"key":"B3","volume-title":"Health at a Glace: Europe 2018: State of Health in the EU Cycle","year":"2018"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-013-0653-7","article-title":"Mood instability, mental illness and suicidal ideas: results from a household survey","volume":"48","author":"Marwaha","year":"2013","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.4.427","article-title":"Suicide risk in relation to psychiatric hospitalization: evidence based on longitudinal registers","volume":"62","author":"Qin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2013.07.009","article-title":"The global cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: consistent over decades and around the world","volume":"150","author":"Schaefer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Schizophr Res."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s10198-008-0135-0","article-title":"The socioeconomic costs of mental illness in Spain","volume":"10","author":"Oliva-Moreno","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Health Econ."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.43.12.1227","article-title":"The economic burden of mental illness","volume":"43","author":"Rice","year":"1992","journal-title":"Hosp Community Psychiatry."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.12927\/hcpap..16820","article-title":"Nature and prevalence of mental illness in the workplace","volume":"5","author":"Dewa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Healthcare Papers."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370605100202","article-title":"Common mental disorders in the workforce: Recent findings from descriptive and social epidemiology","volume":"51","author":"Sanderson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2006.163.9.1569","article-title":"Job performance deficits due to depression","volume":"163","author":"Adler","year":"2006","journal-title":"AJP."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000000310","article-title":"Work productivity loss with depression, diagnosed and undiagnosed, among workers in an Internet-based survey conducted in Japan","volume":"57","author":"Asami","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8325.1993.tb00539.x","article-title":"Mental health and work performance: results of a longitudinal field study","volume":"66","author":"Wright","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Occup Organ Psychol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3135","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.23.3135","article-title":"Cost of lost productive work time among US workers with depression","volume":"289","author":"Stewart","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.14m09298","article-title":"The economic burden of adults with major depressive disorder in the United States (2005 and 2010)","volume":"76","author":"Greenberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1177\/0149206317741194","article-title":"Mental illness in the workplace: An interdisciplinary review and organizational research agenda","volume":"44","author":"Follmer","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Manage."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1192\/pb.19.9.541","article-title":"Attitudes of employers to the mentally ill","volume":"19","author":"Manning","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychiatr bull."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61817-6","article-title":"Global pattern of experienced and anticipated discrimination against people with schizophrenia: a cross-sectional survey","volume":"373","author":"Thornicroft","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1111\/peps.12254","article-title":"Workplace discrimination: A meta-analytic extension, critique, and future research agenda","volume":"71","author":"Dhanani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pers Psychol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2003.00150.x","article-title":"The stigma of mental illness: Effects of labelling on public attitudes towards people with mental disorder","volume":"108","author":"Angermeyer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1007\/s10488-012-0430-z","article-title":"Public stigma of mental illness in the United States: a systematic literature review","volume":"40","author":"Parcesepe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adm Policy Ment Health."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.57.3.388","article-title":"Perceived and measured stigma among workers with serious mental illness","volume":"57","author":"Baldwin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychiatric services."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1111\/jasp.12455","article-title":"Stereotype content and social distancing from employees with mental illness: the moderating roles of gender and social dominance orientation","volume":"47","author":"Follmer","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Appl Soc Psychol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1037\/sah0000059","article-title":"Discrimination and positive treatment toward people with mental health problems in workplace and education settings: Findings from an Australian national survey","volume":"2","author":"Reavley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stigma and Health."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.2307\/1519813","article-title":"Does perceived discrimination affect health? Longitudinal relationships between work discrimination and women's physical and emotional health","volume":"44","author":"Pavalko","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Health Soc Behav."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1037\/a0016059","article-title":"Perceived discrimination and health: a meta-analytic review","volume":"135","author":"Pascoe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychol Bull."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2006.05.009","article-title":"Relationship of depression, anxiety, and social isolation to chronic heart failure outpatient mortality","volume":"152","author":"Friedmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-198401000-00003","article-title":"Psychosocial modifiers of immunocompetence in medical students","volume":"46","author":"Kiecolt-Glaser","year":"1984","journal-title":"Psychosom Med."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2011.11.028","article-title":"Loneliness, health, and mortality in old age: a national longitudinal study","volume":"74","author":"Luo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckn009","article-title":"The same factors influence job turnover and long spells of sick leave\u2014a 3-year follow-up of Swedish nurses","volume":"18","author":"Josephson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Public Health."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0022-3514.82.6.878","article-title":"A model of (often mixed) stereotype content: competence and warmth respectively follow from perceived status and competition","volume":"82","author":"Fiske","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.92.4.631","article-title":"The BIAS map: behaviors from intergroup affect and stereotypes","volume":"92","author":"Cuddy","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol."},{"key":"B33","first-page":"61","article-title":"Warmth and Competence as Universal Dimensions of Social Perception: The Stereotype Content Model and the BIAS Map","volume-title":"Advances in Experimental Social Psychology","author":"Cuddy","year":"2008"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1611874114","article-title":"Ambivalent stereotypes link to peace, conflict, and inequality across 38 nations","volume":"114","author":"Durante","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-4537.2004.00381.x","article-title":"When professionals become mothers, warmth doesn't cut the ice","volume":"60","author":"Cuddy","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Soc Iss."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1348\/014466608X314935","article-title":"Stereotype content model across cultures: towards universal similarities and some differences","volume":"48","author":"Cuddy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Soc Psychol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2011.12.019","article-title":"Stereotypes of mental disorders differ in competence and warmth","volume":"74","author":"Sadler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1080\/00224545.2019.1671301","article-title":"Evidence for blatant dehumanization of mental illness and its relation to stigma","volume":"160","author":"Boysen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Soc Psychol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1177\/0093854818766974","article-title":"The effect of mental illness on segregation following institutional misconduct","volume":"45","author":"Clark","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crim Justice Behav."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-232X.2007.00478.x","article-title":"Labor market outcomes of persons with mental disorders","volume":"46","author":"Baldwin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ind Relat."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-018-1561-7","article-title":"Psychiatric diagnosis and other predictors of experienced and anticipated workplace discrimination and concealment of mental illness among mental health service users in England","volume":"53","author":"Yoshimura","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2020.05.027","article-title":"Beyond the cognitive insight paradox: Self-reflectivity moderates the relationship between depressive symptoms and general psychological distress in psychosis","volume":"222","author":"Garc\u00eda-Mieres","year":"2020","journal-title":"Schizophr Res."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03520220035028","article-title":"Common mental disorders and disability across cultures: Results from the WHO collaborative study on psychological problems in general health care","volume":"272","author":"Ormel","year":"1994","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-010-9442-x","article-title":"Loneliness, depressive symptomatology, and suicide ideation in adolescence: cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses","volume":"39","author":"Lasgaard","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1177\/1948550612461654","article-title":"Everyday social behavior during a major depressive episode","volume":"4","author":"Baddeley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Soc Psychol Personal Sci."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2259","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1997.00440400111013","article-title":"Price of adaptation-Allostatic load and its health consequences: MacArthur studies of successful aging","volume":"157","author":"Seeman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2093","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1993.00410180039004","article-title":"Stress and the individual: Mechanisms leading to disease","volume":"153","author":"McEwen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08103.x","article-title":"Protective and damaging effects of mediators of stress: elaborating and testing the concepts of allostasis and allostatic load","volume":"896","author":"McEwen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199801153380307","article-title":"Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators","volume":"338","author":"McEwen","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1177\/0149206313475815","article-title":"Work stress and employee health: a multidisciplinary review","volume":"39","author":"Ganster","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Manage."},{"key":"B51","first-page":"629","article-title":"Allostasis: A new paradigm to explain arousal pathology","volume-title":"Handbook of Life Stress, Cognition, and Health","author":"Sterling","year":"1988"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2010.04.003","article-title":"Cardiovascular and cortisol reactivity and habituation to a virtual reality version of the trier social stress test: a pilot study","volume":"35","author":"J\u00f6nsson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1097\/01.psy.0000035721.12441.17","article-title":"Dissociation between reactivity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic-adrenal-medullary system to repeated psychosocial stress","volume":"65","author":"Schommer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychosom Med."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2005.03.013","article-title":"Delayed response and lack of habituation in plasma interleukin-6 to acute mental stress in men","volume":"20","author":"von K\u00e4nel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(00)00046-9","article-title":"Neuroendocrine responses to experimentally-induced psychological stress in healthy humans","volume":"26","author":"Gerra","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.2013-0219","article-title":"Workflow interruptions, social stressors from supervisor(s) and attention failure in surgery personnel","volume":"53","author":"Pereira","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ind Health."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1177\/0033294118813892","article-title":"Relationship between workplace ostracism and unsafe behaviors: The mediating effect of psychological detachment and emotional exhaustion","volume":"123","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol Rep."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1037\/a0034928","article-title":"Social stressors at work and sleep during weekends: The mediating role of psychological detachment","volume":"19","author":"Pereira","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Occup Health Psychol."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1097\/01.psy.0000031574.42041.23","article-title":"The role of rumination in recovery from reactivity: Cardiovascular consequences of emotional states","volume":"64","author":"Glynn","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychosom Med."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.3579","article-title":"Workplace bullying and sickness absence: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the research literature","volume":"42","author":"Nielsen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00128","article-title":"Children of mentally III parents at risk evaluation (COMPARE): design and methods of a randomized controlled multicenter study-part I","volume":"10","author":"Christiansen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00054","article-title":"COMPARE family (children of mentally ill parents at risk evaluation): a study protocol for a preventive intervention for children of mentally Ill parents (Triple P, evidence-based program that enhances parentings skills, in addition to gold-standard cbt with the mentally ill parent) in a multicenter RCT-Part II","volume":"10","author":"Stracke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Psych."},{"key":"B63","first-page":"947","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-5. 5th ed","year":"2013"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","article-title":"Research electronic data capture (REDCap): a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support","volume":"42","author":"Harris","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1026\/1616-3443\/a000430","article-title":"Structured clinical interviews for mental disorders across the lifespan: psychometric quality and further developments of the DIPS open access interviews","volume":"46","author":"Margraf","year":"2017","journal-title":"[Strukturierte klinische Interviews zur Erfassung psychischer St\u00f6rungen \u00fcber die Lebensspanne] Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie."},{"key":"B66","first-page":"274","volume-title":"DIPS Open Access: Diagnostic Interview for Mental Disorders. [DIPS Open Access: Diagnostisches Interview bei psychischen St\u00f6rungen] [Internet]","author":"Margraf","year":"2017"},{"key":"B67","first-page":"131","article-title":"Brief Symptom Inventory by L. R","volume-title":"Derogatis - German Version [Brief Symptom Inventory von L. R. Derogatis - Deutsche Fassung]","author":"Kliem","year":"2017"},{"key":"B68","first-page":"334","article-title":"Symptom-Checklist-90-R by L. R","volume-title":"Derogatis - German Version [Symptom-Checkliste-90-R von L. R. Derogatis - Deutsche Fassung]","author":"Kliem","year":"2016"},{"key":"B69","volume-title":"Brief Symptom Inventory by LR Derogatis - German Version [Brief Symptom Inventory von L R Derogatis - Deutsche Version].","author":"Franke","year":"2000"},{"key":"B70","volume-title":"Social Stressors in Organisations - The Development of an Instrument","author":"Zapf","year":"2002"},{"key":"B71","first-page":"134","article-title":"A scale measuring social stressors at work [Eine Skala zur Erfassung von Sozialen Stressoren am Arbeitsplatz]","volume":"41","author":"Frese","year":"1987","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Arbeitswissenschaft."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1007\/s10869-020-09702-7","article-title":"Social job stressors can foster employee well-being: introducing the concept of social challenge stressors","volume":"36","author":"Kern","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Bus Psychol."},{"key":"B73","first-page":"692","volume-title":"Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-Based Approach","author":"Hayes","year":"2018"},{"key":"B74","first-page":"782","volume-title":"ICD-10-GM 2020 Systematic Catalogue. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems: 10th Revision - German modification [ICD-10-GM 2020 Systematisches Verzeichnis. Internationale statistische Klassifikation der Krankheiten und verwandter Gesundheitsprobleme: 10. Revision - German modification]","author":"Graubner","year":"2020"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1556-6678.2008.tb00491.x","article-title":"The stigma of mental illness","volume":"86","author":"Overton","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Counsel Develop."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1080\/18374905.2014.11081898","article-title":"Mental health stigma update: a review of consequences","volume":"12","author":"Sickel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv Mental Health."},{"key":"B77","unstructured":"Absence from work292010"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1080\/13548506.2015.1109671","article-title":"Asking for work adjustments or initiating behavioural changes - what makes a \u2018problematic co-worker' score Brownie points? An experimental study on the reactions towards colleagues with a personality disorder","volume":"21","author":"Muschalla","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychol Health Med."},{"key":"B79","first-page":"248","volume-title":"Theory of Causal Regression Models [Theorie kausaler Regressionsmodelle]","author":"Steyer","year":"1992"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadr.2021.100118","article-title":"Ostracism breeds depression: Longitudinal associations between ostracism and depression over a three-year-period","volume":"4","author":"Rudert","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Affect Disord Reports."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-33033-4_8","article-title":"Research in Clinical Psychology: Social Exclusion and Psychological Disorders","volume-title":"Social Exclusion: Psychological Approaches to Understanding and Reducing Its Impact","author":"Fung","year":"2016"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2013.07.011","article-title":"Schizophrenia and the risk of cardiovascular diseases: a meta-analysis of thirteen cohort studies","volume":"47","author":"Fan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.03.006","article-title":"Prevalence of liver disease in veterans with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia","volume":"33","author":"Fuller","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry."},{"key":"B84","first-page":"1024","volume-title":"Statistics and research methods [Statistik und Forschungsmethoden]. 2nd ed","author":"Eid","year":"2011"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(87)90004-3","article-title":"Recruitment experience in clinical trials: literature summary and annotated bibliography","volume":"8","author":"Hunninghake","year":"1987","journal-title":"Control Clin Trials."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.289.6454.1281","article-title":"Applying results of randomised trials to clinical practice: impact of losses before randomisation","volume":"289","author":"Charlson","year":"1984","journal-title":"Br Med J."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2008.07.007","article-title":"Why is recruitment to trials difficult? An investigation into recruitment difficulties in an RCT of supported employment in patients with severe mental illness","volume":"30","author":"Howard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s00115-013-3961-y","article-title":"Mental disorders in the general population: Study on the health of adults in Germany and the additional module mental health (DEGS1-MH)[Psychische St\u00f6rungen in der Allgemeinbev\u00f6lkerung: Studie zur Gesundheit Erwachsener in Deutschland und ihr Zusatzmodul Psychische Gesundheit (DEGS1-MH)] [Mental disorders in the general population: study on the health of adults in Germany and the additional module mental health (DEGS1-MH)]","volume":"85","author":"Jacobi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nervenarz"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1007\/s00115-015-4458-7","article-title":"Erratum to: Mental disorders in the general population: Study on the health of adults in Germany and the additional module mental health (DEGS1-MH) [Erratum zu: Psychische St\u00f6rungen in der Allgemeinbev\u00f6lkerung: Studie zur Gesundheit Erwachsener in Deutschland und ihr Zusatzmodul \u201cPsychische Gesundheit\u201d (DEGS1-MH)] [Erratum to: Mental disorders in the general population. Study on the health of adults in Germany and the additional module mental health (DEGS1-MH)]","volume":"87","author":"Jacobi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nervenarzt"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1177\/00131644211003261","article-title":"Sample size requirements for simple and complex mediation models","volume":"82","author":"Sim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Educ Psychol Meas."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.88.5.879","article-title":"Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies","volume":"88","author":"Podsakoff","year":"2003","journal-title":"J App Psychol."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105313502567","article-title":"Weight- and race-based bullying: health associations among urban adolescents","volume":"20","author":"Rosenthal","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Health Psychol."},{"key":"B93","first-page":"184","volume-title":"Mental Health First Aid Manual. 4th ed","author":"Kitchener","year":"2017"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-2-10","article-title":"Mental health first aid training for the public: Evaluation of effects on knowledge, attitudes and helping behavior","volume":"2","author":"Kitchener","year":"2002","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0197102","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0197102","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of Mental Health First Aid training: Effects on knowledge, stigma, and helping behaviour","volume":"13","author":"Morgan","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-018-1888-3","article-title":"Effectiveness of elearning and blended modes of delivery of mental health first aid training in the workplace: randomised controlled trial","volume":"18","author":"Reavley","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Psych."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2018.05.017","article-title":"Interventions to reduce stigma towards people with severe mental illness: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"103","author":"Morgan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5S","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743719842557","article-title":"Workplace antistigma programs at the mental health commission of Canada: part 1. processes and projects","volume":"64","author":"Szeto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39S","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743719842559","article-title":"The working mind: a meta-analysis of a workplace mental health and stigma reduction program","volume":"64","author":"Dobson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.892174\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]],"date-time":"2022-08-08T10:03:52Z","timestamp":1659953032000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.892174\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]]},"references-count":99,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2022.892174"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.892174","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]]},"article-number":"892174"}}