{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T16:00:31Z","timestamp":1792684831337,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010621","name":"Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010621","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Dietary supplements (DS) are used by about 30\u201350% of adults in developed countries. However, only a few studies have compared the characteristics of DS users in different nations. This study aimed to identify and compare selected health-related behaviors of DS users from three European countries. A total of 3,588 adults (32.08 \u00b1 8.04 years) from Poland (1,030 females, 287 males), Germany (994 females, 190 males), and the United Kingdom (911 females, 176 males) were included in the analysis. The study was based on a self-administered survey consisting of 70 questions regarding baseline characteristics, lifestyle, eating, and health habits. The associations of the obtained results were compared using the Kruskal\u2013Wallis test, Pearson Chi-Square test, and Cramer's V value. The highest percentage of DS users (56.98%,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 2,044) had a correct body weight, while higher body weight values were observed in 39.19% (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 1,406). In terms of lifestyle, statistically significant differences (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 0.05) were noted for alcohol consumption and the level of physical activity. Fruit and vegetables were most often consumed a few times a weeks (34.67%,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 1,244). A similar result was observed for the consumption of whole grain (37.76%,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 1,355), dairy (39.99%,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 1,435), eggs (49.67%,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 1,782), and meat (51.45%,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 1,846). Most DS users did not have a chronic disease (66.72%,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 2,394). Among the other conditions, a frequent occurrence (a few times a weeks) of gastrointestinal problems (28.29%,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 1,015) and concentration disorders (29.15%,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 1,046) was noted. Cramer's V values (&amp;lt;0.3) indicated a weak (but significant\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 0.05) relationship between the country of residence and most of the analyzed variables. In conclusion, DS users were characterized by a healthy lifestyle with appropriate behaviors but not healthy eating habits.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.892233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T07:07:04Z","timestamp":1654067224000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Lifestyle, Eating Habits, and Health Behaviors Among Dietary Supplement Users in Three European 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