{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T18:25:02Z","timestamp":1780079102142,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]],"date-time":"2022-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655856000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mental health services have been recognized as an essential part of the comprehensive eye care services, but data regarding the mental health of people living with vision disability (PLwVD) remain very limited. This study examined the epidemiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) among Chinese PLwVD, as well as their perceived needs for and utilization of mental health services.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>By using stratified cluster sampling method, a total of 1,753 PLwVD were successfully recruited from 73 urban communities and 169 rural villages in Wuhan, China, and interviewed with the Mini-international Neuropsychiatric Interview 5.0. Standardized questions were used to measure perceived mental healthcare needs and use of mental health services of PLwVD with MDD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The one-month prevalence of MDD was 24.4%. Among the PLwVD with MDD, 26.0% perceived needs for mental healthcare and only 1.2% sought treatment from mental health specialists for their emotional problems. Factors associated with MDD were middle age [vs. young adulthood, odds ratio (OR) = 1.96, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001], older adulthood (vs. young adulthood, OR = 1.79, P = 0.004), being never-married (vs. married, remarried, and cohabiting, OR = 1.96, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001), being separated, divorced, and widowed (vs. married, remarried, and cohabiting, OR = 12.30, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001), a low level of objective social support (vs. high, OR = 1.83, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001), currently drinking (OR = 1.81, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001), having childhood-onset eye conditions (OR = 1.89, P = 0.005), and having difficulties in performing daily activities (OR = 2.78, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chinese PLwVD are at high risk for MDD and have a high level of unmet need for mental healthcare. Public strategies are warranted to improve the mental health literacy of PLwVD and make the mental health services available, accessible, and affordable for PLwVD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.900425","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]],"date-time":"2022-06-22T05:22:31Z","timestamp":1655875351000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Prevalence and Unmet Need for Mental Healthcare of Major Depressive Disorder in Community-Dwelling Chinese People Living With Vision Disability"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Bao-Liang","family":"Zhong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan-Min","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","volume-title":"World Report on Vision","year":"2019"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.7196\/SAMJ.2021.v111i10.15918","article-title":"Integrated, people-centred eye care: Why South Africa needs to prioritise scaling up refractive services","volume":"111","author":"Van Staden","year":"2021","journal-title":"S Afr Med J."},{"key":"B3","volume-title":"Integrating Eye Health Into the NCD Response: People-Centred Approaches to Prevention and Care","year":"2020"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2012.02779.x","article-title":"Screening for depression: integrating training into the professional development programme for low vision rehabilitation staff","volume":"40","author":"Rees","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4229","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S258783","article-title":"Visual impairment and mental health: unmet needs and treatment options","volume":"14","author":"Demmin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11671","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-29489-1","article-title":"Illness uncertainty, anxiety and depression in Chinese patients with glaucoma or cataract","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-019-1096-y","article-title":"Loneliness among adults with visual impairment: prevalence, associated factors, and relationship to life satisfaction","volume":"17","author":"Brunes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-79760-7","article-title":"Socioeconomic and physical health status changes after visual impairment in Korea using difference-in-difference estimations","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2083","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-20374-5","article-title":"Visual impairment and risk of depression: a longitudinal follow-up study using a national sample cohort","volume":"8","author":"Choi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-019-0439-6","article-title":"Comparison of vision-related quality of life and mental health between congenital and acquired low-vision patients","volume":"33","author":"Choi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eye."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.03.039","article-title":"Prevalence and predictors of depression among participants with glaucoma in a nationally representative population sample","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e9397","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.9397","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms among Chinese patients with cataracts treated in tertiary general hospitals","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"PeerJ."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2021.1557","article-title":"Association between visual impairment and depression in patients attending eye clinics: a meta-analysis","volume":"139","author":"Parravano","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-021-00385-8","article-title":"Quality of life in patients with chronic thyroid eye disease in the United States","volume":"10","author":"Cockerham","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Ther."},{"key":"B15","unstructured":"Relationship between legal blindness and depression30611\n            OsabaM\n            DoroJ\n            LiberalM\n            LagunasJ\n            KuoIC\n            ReviglioVE\n          Med Hypothesis Discov Innov Ophthalmol.82019"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4247","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-19345","article-title":"Depression in visual impairment trial (DEPVIT): a randomized clinical trial of depression treatments in people with low vision","volume":"57","author":"Nollett","year":"2016","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-019-04241-1","article-title":"Depressive symptoms, resilience, and personality traits in dry eye disease","volume":"257","author":"Kaiser","year":"2019","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-019-1297-6","article-title":"Comparison of depression prevalence estimates in meta-analyses based on screening tools and rating scales versus diagnostic interviews: a meta-research review","volume":"17","author":"Levis","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1002\/da.21993","article-title":"Self-report and clinician-rated measures of depression severity: can one replace the other?","volume":"29","author":"Uher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00450","article-title":"DSM-5 criteria and depression severity: implications for clinical practice","volume":"9","author":"Tolentino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"B21","unstructured":"2018"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1002-0829.2013.05.006","article-title":"Depressive symptoms among the visually disabled in Wuhan: an epidemiological survey","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Shanghai Arch Psychiatry."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.3321\/j.issn:0254-6450.2008.07.004","article-title":"Prevalence of visual, hearing, speech, physical, intellectual and mental disabilities in China, 2006","volume":"29","author":"Zheng","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chin J Epidemiol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.11.123","article-title":"Major depressive disorder in Chinese persons with speech disability: high rates of prevalence and perceived need for mental health care but extremely low rate of use of mental health services","volume":"263","author":"Zhong","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Affect Disord."},{"key":"B25","first-page":"135","article-title":"Survey of present status and rehabilitation need of visual disability in our city","volume":"7","author":"Shao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin Med Pharm."},{"key":"B26","volume-title":"Data Manual of the Second China Natonal Sample Survey on Disability","year":"2007"},{"key":"B27","volume-title":"Wuhan Statistical Yearbook","year":"2020"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1000-6729.2009.07.011","article-title":"Evaluation of the reliability and validity of Chinese version of the mini-international neuropsychiatric interview in patients with mental disorders","volume":"23","author":"Si","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chin Ment Health J."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.09.011","article-title":"Prevalence and recognition of depressive disorders among Chinese older adults receiving primary care: a multi-center cross-sectional study","volume":"260","author":"Zhong","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Affect Disord."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2014.05.021","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) in the general population","volume":"36","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4298","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000004298","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of posttraumatic stress disorder among teachers 3 months after the Lushan earthquake: a cross-sectional study","volume":"95","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine."},{"key":"B32","first-page":"9","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of major depressive disorder among rural-to-urban migrant workers from service industries of Shenzhen","volume":"49","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chin J Psychiatry."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-20-4145","article-title":"Mental health problems, needs, and service use among people living within and outside Wuhan during the COVID-19 epidemic in China","volume":"8","author":"Zhong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med."},{"key":"B34","first-page":"127","article-title":"Rating scales for mental health","author":"Wang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chin Ment Health J"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/42.1.92","article-title":"A comparison of young, middle-aged, and older adult treatment-seeking pathological gamblers","volume":"42","author":"Petry","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gerontologist."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00520","article-title":"Prevalence and demographic correlates of poor sleep quality among frontline health professionals in Liaoning Province, China during the COVID-19 outbreak","volume":"11","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000500","article-title":"Alcohol drinking in Chinese methadone-maintained clients: a self-medication for depression and anxiety?","volume":"13","author":"Zhong","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Addict Med."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00306","article-title":"Cigarette smoking is significantly linked to sexual dissatisfaction in Chinese heroin-dependent patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment","volume":"10","author":"Zhong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e31","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796021000202","article-title":"Prevalence of depressive symptoms among Chinese university students amid the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Luo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci."},{"key":"B40","first-page":"1055","article-title":"The development of criteria for assessing vision disability in the second China national sample survey on disability","volume":"43","author":"Yan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chin J Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B41","volume-title":"Behavioral Medicine Inventory Handbook","author":"Zhang","year":"2005"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2041","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60660-7","article-title":"Prevalence, treatment, and associated disability of mental disorders in four provinces in China during 2001-05: an epidemiological survey","volume":"373","author":"Phillips","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.04.031","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of major depressive disorder among rural-to-urban migrant workers in Shenzhen, China","volume":"183","author":"Zhong","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Affect Disord."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2013.03.003","article-title":"Prevalence, risk factors and recognition rates of depressive disorders among inpatients of tertiary general hospitals in Shanghai, China","volume":"75","author":"Yan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2014.05.005","article-title":"Prevalence, correlates and recognition of depression in Chinese inpatients with cancer","volume":"36","author":"Zhao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638981","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.638981","article-title":"Melatonin and depression: a translational perspective from animal models to clinical studies","volume":"12","author":"Tonon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.01.036","article-title":"Suppression of melatonin secretion in totally visually blind people by ocular exposure to white light: clinical characteristics","volume":"125","author":"Hull","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmology."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2013.2597","article-title":"Association between depression and functional vision loss in persons 20 years of age or older in the United States, NHANES 2005-2008","volume":"131","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s13167-018-0136-8","article-title":"Mental stress as consequence and cause of vision loss: the dawn of psychosomatic ophthalmology for preventive and personalized medicine","volume":"9","author":"Sabel","year":"2018","journal-title":"EPMA J."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3638-0","article-title":"The role of socio-economic status in depression: results from the COURAGE (aging survey in Europe)","volume":"16","author":"Freeman","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Public Health."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2009.60.8.1051","article-title":"Perceived need for mental health care and service use among adults in Western Europe: results of the ESEMeD project","volume":"60","author":"Codony","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.116.188078","article-title":"Undertreatment of people with major depressive disorder in 21 countries","volume":"210","author":"Thornicroft","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.07.009","article-title":"High prevalence of untreated depression in patients accessing low-vision services","volume":"123","author":"Nollett","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(21)00251-0","article-title":"Prevalence of depressive disorders and treatment in China: a cross-sectional epidemiological study","volume":"8","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.115.169094","article-title":"Social support and protection from depression: systematic review of current findings in Western countries","volume":"209","author":"Gariepy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.11.054","article-title":"Physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption and depressive symptoms among young, early mature and late mature people: a cross-sectional study of 76,223 in China","volume":"299","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Affect Disord."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743193","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.743193","article-title":"Analysis of factors associated with depression in community-dwelling older adults in Wuhan, China","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.04.089","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of depressive and anxiety symptoms among adults in Guangdong Province of China: a population-based study","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Affect Disord."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1177\/147323001103900402","article-title":"Marital status and risk for late life depression: a meta-analysis of the published literature","volume":"39","author":"Yan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Int Med Res."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1676285","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/1676285","article-title":"How early experience shapes human development: the case of psychosocial deprivation","volume":"2019","author":"Nelson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neural Plast."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.900425\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]],"date-time":"2022-06-22T05:22:42Z","timestamp":1655875362000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.900425\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]]},"references-count":60,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2022.900425"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.900425","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]]},"article-number":"900425"}}