{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T08:30:18Z","timestamp":1792053018388,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]],"date-time":"2022-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657670400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection has become a public health concern in China and around the world. The objective of this study was to describe the longitudinal changes in the frequency and diversity of NTM in northern China.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We retrospectively analyzed data on mycobacterium species in Beijing Chest Hospital from January 2014 to December 2021. The isolates were identified to species level by targeted DNA sequencing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After excluding duplicates, 1,755 NTM strains were analyzed, which were from 27 provinces in China over 8 years. Among all mycobacteria, the proportion of NTM increased each year, from 4.24% in 2014 to 12.68% in 2021. Overall, 39 different NTM species were identified, including 23 slow growing mycobacteria (SGM) and 16 rapid growing mycobacteria (RGM). The most common species were <jats:italic>M. intracellulare<\/jats:italic> (51.62%), <jats:italic>M. abscessus<\/jats:italic> (22.22%), <jats:italic>M. kansasii<\/jats:italic> (8.32%), <jats:italic>M. avium<\/jats:italic> (7.75%) and <jats:italic>M. fortuitum<\/jats:italic> (2.05%). The number of NTM species identified also increased each year from 9 in 2014 to 26 in 2021. Most species showed stable isolation rates over the years; however, the proportion of <jats:italic>M. avium<\/jats:italic> increased from 3.85 to 10.42% during the study period. Besides, 81 non-mycobacteria strains, including <jats:italic>Gordonia<\/jats:italic> (21 isolates), <jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic> (19 isolates) and <jats:italic>Tsukamurella<\/jats:italic> (17 isolates), etc., were also discovered.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The proportion of NTM and species diversity increased considerably in northern China from 2014 to 2021. <jats:italic>M. intracellulare<\/jats:italic> was the most common NTM isolated among respiratory specimens, followed by <jats:italic>M. abscessus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>M. kansasii<\/jats:italic>. Rare NTM species and non-mycobacteria pathogens also need attention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.923968","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]],"date-time":"2022-07-13T08:55:29Z","timestamp":1657702529000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Trends and Species Diversity of Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria Isolated From Respiratory Samples in Northern China, 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