{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T01:08:43Z","timestamp":1793322523646,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]],"date-time":"2022-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Inter-pregnancy interval (IPI) is the elapse of time between the end of one pregnancy and the conception of another pregnancy, while birth to pregnancy interval, is the time gap between live birth and the conception of the next pregnancy. Hence, this study assessed the effects of short inter-pregnancy intervals on perinatal outcomes among women who gave birth in public health institutions of Assosa zone, North-west Ethiopia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An institution-based prospective cohort study was conducted among 456 mothers who visited health facilities for the fourth antenatal care appointment (152 exposed and 304 non-exposed). Women who gave their recent birth with the pregnancy interval of &amp;lt;24 months or\/and had an abortion history of &amp;lt;6 months were considered as exposed otherwise non-exposed. Data was collected through face-to-face interviews by using questionnaires and checklists. The collected data was entered using Epi-data and exported to STATA for analysis. A log-binomial regression model was used to identify the effect of short inter-pregnancy intervals on the perinatal outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The overall incidence of adverse perinatal outcomes is 24%. Mothers who had short inter-pregnancy intervals have two times the risk to develop low birth weight (RR: 2.1, 95%CI: 1.16\u20133.82), and low Apgar score (RR: 2.1, 95%CI: 1.06\u20132.69). Similarly, the risk to develop small for gestational age (RR: 2.6, 95% CI: 1.19\u20137.54), and preterm birth (RR: 3.14, 95%CI: 1.05\u20134.66) was about 3 times among mothers who had short inter-pregnancy interval compared to mothers who had an optimal inter-pregnancy interval.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Short inter-pregnancy interval increases the risk of low birth weight, preterm birth, small for gestational age, and low Apgar score. Health Policy makers, National health managers and health care providers should work on increasing the awareness of optimal inter-pregnancy intervals and postpartum family planning utilization to reduce the effect of short inter-pregnancy intervals on adverse perinatal outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.953481","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]],"date-time":"2022-08-08T01:56:13Z","timestamp":1659923773000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Effect of short inter-pregnancy interval on perinatal outcomes among pregnant women in North-west Ethiopia: A prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Leta","family":"Gurmu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Negash","family":"Wakgari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tufa","family":"Kolola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kababa Temesgen","family":"Danusa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","volume-title":"Report of a WHO technical consultation on birth spacing: Geneva, Switzerland 13\u201315 June 2005","year":"2007"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1097\/OGX.0b013e31826b2c3e","article-title":"Interpregnancy interval and obstetrical complications","volume":"67","author":"Shachar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Obstetr Gynecol Surv"},{"key":"B3","volume-title":"Birth spacing: report from a WHO technical consultation","year":"2006"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.15.1809","article-title":"Birth spacing and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes: a meta-analysis","volume":"295","author":"Conde-Agudelo","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(02)00077-5","article-title":"Effect of the interval between pregnancies on the health of mother and child","volume":"105","author":"Rousso","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Obstetr Gynecol Reproduct Biol"},{"key":"B6","first-page":"27","article-title":"Assessing the impact of birth spacing on child health trajectories","volume-title":"Population Association of America Conference","author":"Miller","year":"2017"},{"key":"B7","first-page":"29","article-title":"Short preceding birth intervals and child mortality in Mozambique","volume":"16","author":"Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2012","journal-title":"Afr J Reproduct Health"},{"key":"B8","unstructured":"DoughertyL\n            AlvaS\n            WeaverK\n          Do Short Birth Intervals Increases the Risk of Perinatal Deaths in sub-Saharan Africa? Preliminary Findings2012"},{"key":"B9","article-title":"March of dimes, PMNCH, save the children, WHO","volume-title":"Born Too Soon: The Global Action Report On Preterm Birth","author":"Howson","year":"2012"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-016-0929-5","article-title":"Effect of interpregnancy interval on adverse pregnancy outcomes in northern Tanzania: a registry-based retrospective cohort study","volume":"16","author":"Mahande","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Pregn Childb"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40748-014-0002-1","article-title":"Spectrum of maternal and perinatal outcomes among parturient women with preceding short inter-pregnancy interval at Bugando Medical Centre, Tanzania","volume":"1","author":"Lilungulu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Matern Health Neonatol Perinatol"},{"key":"B12","volume-title":"Central Statistical Agency (CSA)[Ethiopia] and ICF","author":"Csa","year":"2016"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-019-4439-1","article-title":"Does short inter-pregnancy interval predicts the risk of preterm birth in Northern Ethiopia?","volume":"12","author":"Brhane","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.2147\/PHMT.S174789","article-title":"Determinants of preterm birth at Jimma university medical center, Southwest Ethiopia","volume":"9","author":"Abaraya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Health Med Ther"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0225060","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0225060","article-title":"Determinants of preterm birth among mothers who gave birth at public hospitals in the Amhara region, Ethiopia: a case-control study","volume":"14","author":"Woday","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-019-0776-4","article-title":"Short birth interval and associated factors among women of child bearing age in northern Ethiopia, 2016","volume":"19","author":"Gebrehiwot","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1037\/hea0000313","article-title":"Diurnal salivary cortisol patterns prior to pregnancy predict infant birth weight","volume":"35","author":"Guardino","year":"2016","journal-title":"Health Psychol"},{"key":"B18","first-page":"624","article-title":"Fetal growth and perinatal viability in California","volume":"59","author":"Williams","year":"1982","journal-title":"Obstetr Gynecol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-018-2480-7","article-title":"Interpregnancy interval and risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes: a register-based study of 328,577 pregnancies in Denmark 1994\u20132010","volume":"22","author":"Hegelund","year":"2018","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2018.29.220.15247","article-title":"Predictors of low birth weight and 24-hour perinatal outcomes at Muhimbili National Hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: a five-year retrospective analysis of obstetric records","volume":"29","author":"Kamala","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med J"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-020-02176-9","article-title":"Adverse fetal outcomes and its associated factors in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Gedefaw","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1000324","DOI":"10.4172\/2167-0420.1000324","article-title":"Prevalence and associated factors of adverse birth outcomes among women attended maternity ward at Negest Elene Mohammed Memorial General Hospital in Hosanna Town, SNNPR, Ethiopia","volume":"5","author":"Abdo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Women's Health Care"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1728-4465.2012.00308.x","article-title":"Effects of birth spacing on maternal, perinatal, infant, and child health: a systematic review of causal mechanisms","volume":"43","author":"Conde-Agudelo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stud Family Plann"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1744","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.12783","article-title":"Impact of interpregnancy interval on the subsequent risk of adverse perinatal outcomes","volume":"41","author":"Ekin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Obstetr Gynaecol Res"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.24911\/IJMDC.51-1520268317","article-title":"Effect of inter-pregnancy interval on pregnancy outcome: a prospective study at Fayoum, Egypt","volume":"2","author":"Mahfouz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Med Dev Ctries"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e024392","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-024392","article-title":"Risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with short and long birth intervals in Bangladesh: evidence from six Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys, 1996\u20132014","volume":"9","author":"Nisha","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2018.4696","article-title":"Association of short interpregnancy interval with pregnancy outcomes according to maternal age","volume":"178","author":"Schummers","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwy188","article-title":"A population-based matched-sibling analysis estimating the associations between first interpregnancy interval and birth outcomes","volume":"188","author":"Regan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2019.1656195","article-title":"Analysis of risk factors and predictors of pregnancy loss and strategies for the management of cervical insufficiency in pregnant women at a high risk of preterm birth","volume":"34","author":"Barinov","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonat Med"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.4103\/njcp.njcp_423_19","article-title":"Effects of short inter-pregnancy interval on maternal and perinatal outcomes: a cohort study of pregnant women in a low-income country","volume":"23","author":"Onwuka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nigerian J Clin Pract"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5520117","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5520117","article-title":"Prevalence and factors associated with meconium-stained amniotic fluid in a tertiary hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study","volume":"2021","author":"Abate","year":"2021","journal-title":"Obstetr Gynecol Int"},{"key":"B32","volume-title":"Perinatal factors associated with birth asphyxia among neonates in maternity ward kakamega county refferal hospital, kenya","author":"Kibai","year":""},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e710","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(19)30163-9","article-title":"National, regional, and global levels and trends in neonatal mortality between 1990 and 2017with scenario-based projections to 2030: a systematic analysis","volume":"7","author":"Hug","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.953481\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]],"date-time":"2022-08-08T01:56:23Z","timestamp":1659923783000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.953481\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2022.953481"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.953481","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]]},"article-number":"953481"}}