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Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aims to reveal epidemiological features and trends of liver cancer (LC) in China.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We retrieved data from the Global Burden of Disease database 2019. Joinpoint regression was used to examine the temporal trend of LC. Future trends of LC were estimated using the Nordpred.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The incidence, mortality, and disability-standardized life year (DALY) rate of LC declined in China from 1990 to 2019. Among &amp;gt;210,000 LC cases in 2019, the LC incidences were nearly 3.15 times higher in males than in females. LC cases and LC-associated deaths were mostly found among patients aged 65 to 69 years. The proportion of LC attributable to hepatitis B decreased over time, whereas the proportions of LC attributable to hepatitis C, alcohol use, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis increased modestly from 1990 to 2019. The majority of LC-associated deaths could be traced to four risk factors: smoking (20%), drug use (13.6%), alcohol use (11.7%), and high body mass index (10.1%). Based on the Nordpred prediction, there will be a steady decline in the incidence (39.0%) and mortality (38.3%) of liver cancer over a 25-year period from 2020 to 2044.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The disease burden of liver cancer in China has declined over the past 30 years. However, it remains important to control liver cancer among high-risk populations, especially elderly males with obesity, alcohol use, tobacco use, and\/or drug abuse.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.956712","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]],"date-time":"2022-08-26T09:46:17Z","timestamp":1661507177000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Gender disparity and temporal trend of liver cancer in China from 1990 to 2019 and predictions in a 25-year period"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Tingting","family":"Yue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haizhen","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud Reza","family":"Pourkarim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"De Clercq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangdi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3091","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10113091","article-title":"Treatment for viral hepatitis as secondary prevention for hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"10","author":"Alqahtani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1038\/516S1a","article-title":"Liver cancer","volume":"516","author":"Gravitz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2015.07.018","article-title":"Heterogeneity of liver cancer and personalized therapy","volume":"379","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.4530","article-title":"The burden of primary liver cancer caused by specific etiologies from 1990 to 2019 at the global, regional, and national levels","volume":"11","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e19274","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.19274","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma in 2021: an exhaustive update","volume":"13","author":"Philips","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33313","article-title":"Is it possible to halve the incidence of liver cancer in China by 2050?","volume":"148","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Cancer."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1002\/cac2.12197","article-title":"Cancer incidence, mortality, and burden in China: a time-trend analysis and comparison with the United States and United Kingdom based on the global epidemiological data released in 2020","volume":"41","author":"Qiu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Commun."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"04211018081","DOI":"10.1177\/00368504211018081","article-title":"Disease burden of liver cancer attributable to specific etiologies in China from 1990 to 2019: an age-period-cohort analysis","volume":"104","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Prog."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767263","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.767263","article-title":"Bayesian age-period-cohort prediction of mortality of type 2 diabetic kidney disease in China: a modeling study","volume":"12","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27969","article-title":"World-wide relative contribution of hepatitis B and C viruses in hepatocellular carcinoma. 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