{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T15:52:12Z","timestamp":1790092332437,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]],"date-time":"2022-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Several studies have demonstrated that environmental factors, such as meteorological factors and air pollutants, are closely associated with epistaxis. However, age-specific associations between environmental factors and epistaxis have not yet been evaluated. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between individual meteorological factors and air pollutants and epistaxis, by age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Records of patients covered by the Korean National Health Insurance Service who visited our hospital for epistaxis between January 1, 2002, and December 31, 2015, were retrospectively reviewed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The 46,628 enrolled patients were divided into four age groups: age group 0 (&amp;lt;18 years, <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 19,580); age group 1 (18\u201340 years, <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 10,978); age group 2 (41\u201370 years, <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 13,395); and age group 3 (&amp;gt;70 years, <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 2,675). Cases of epistaxis and data on environmental factors were analyzed according to the day, month, and year. Stepwise logistic regression was performed to identify the environmental risk factors for epistaxis in each age group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Age group 0 had the highest number of patients with epistaxis, whereas age group 3 had the lowest. Relative humidity, temperature, concentrations of particulate matter (PM10) and sulfur dioxide, sunshine duration, and wind speed were significantly associated with the occurrence of epistaxis in the study population. However, analysis according to age group showed that the meteorological factors and air pollutants associated with epistaxis were different in each age group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We suggest that the environmental risk factors for epistaxis should be differentially analyzed according to age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.966461","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]],"date-time":"2022-10-19T05:19:18Z","timestamp":1666156758000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Age-specific associations between environmental factors and epistaxis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Eun-Jin","family":"Ahn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun Jin","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2013.5220","article-title":"Recent trends in epistaxis management in the United States: 2008\u20132010","volume":"139","author":"Villwock","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"B2","volume-title":"Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice","author":"Marx","year":"2002"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2020.2906","article-title":"Association of hypertension with the risk and severity of epistaxis","volume":"147","author":"Byun","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599817721445","article-title":"Association between hypertension and epistaxis: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"157","author":"Min","year":"2017","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4809","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18094809","article-title":"Particulate matter 10 (PM10) is associated with epistaxis in children and adults","volume":"18","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2020.07.012","article-title":"Minimal temperature, mean wind speed, and mean relative humidity are associated with spontaneous epistaxis in Seoul, Korea","volume":"48","author":"Min","year":"2021","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2273.1990.tb00432.x","article-title":"Epistaxis: a study of the relationship with weather","volume":"15","author":"Nunez","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhin10.020","article-title":"Investigation of the influence of ambient temperature, atmospheric pressure and water vapour pressure on epistaxis admission rate","volume":"48","author":"Reddy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1177\/0145561319852581","article-title":"Pediatric epistaxis and its correlation between air pollutants in Beijing from 2014 to 2017","volume":"99","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2018.07.053","article-title":"Is the occurrence of pediatric epistaxis related to climatic variables?","volume":"113","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e175","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2015.29.4239","article-title":"Influence of air temperature variations on incidence of epistaxis","volume":"29","author":"Comelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol Allergy"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.1177\/014556131809700901","article-title":"The role of meteorologic factors and air pollution on the frequency of pediatric epistaxis","volume":"97","author":"Akdogan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2273.2004.00878.x","article-title":"Airborne environmental pollutant concentration and hospital epistaxis presentation: a 5-year review","volume":"29","author":"Bray","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.35.5.1021","article-title":"Clinical advisory statement. 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