{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:10:21Z","timestamp":1790835021341,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]],"date-time":"2022-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Diabetes-related foot ulceration is prevalent and disabling, usually resulting in the amputation of the limb. The mortality rate is significant, and healed ulcers frequently reoccur. The main purpose of this study was to explore the prevalence of foot ulcers and their associated factors among diabetic patients in Punjab, Pakistan. Multistage cluster random sampling procedure was applied to perform a cross-sectional analysis in the state of Punjab, Pakistan. A sample of 1,503 people with diabetes, including 504 men and 999 women, were selected from different clusters. Data were collected from December 18, 2018, to June 30, 2019. Individuals of 18 years or above were selected. A binary multiple logistic regression analysis was utilized to find the factors associated with a diabetic foot ulcer. The overall prevalence of diabetic foot ulcers was 16.83% (95% CI: 14.9\u201318.7%). The prevalence among the female was 17.52% (95% CI: 15.2\u201319.9%), and the male was 15.48% (95% CI: 12.3\u201318.6%). In rural areas, prevalence was 13.91% (95% CI: 10.6\u201317.2%) compared to the prevalence of 17.96% (95% CI: 15.7\u201320.2%) in the urban area. Individuals 75 years and above had the highest prevalence of 66.67% (95% CI: 51.9\u201381.5%). According to the income status, subjects with monthly income above Rs. 61,000 had a prevalence of 24.24% (95% CI: 15.8\u201332.7%), and among overweight subjects was 25.49% (95% CI: 21.3\u201329.7%). This study found a relatively high prevalence of foot ulcers in Punjab, Pakistan. The results indicate that diabetic foot ulcers have become a major health problem in diabetic patients, and better strategies and preventive measures should be opted to deal with the epidemic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.967733","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,9]],"date-time":"2022-08-09T16:56:11Z","timestamp":1660064171000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Prevalence of foot ulcers in diabetic patients in Punjab, Pakistan"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Sohail","family":"Akhtar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mujahid","family":"Latif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omer Shabbir","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aqsa","family":"Sarwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayisham","family":"Alina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Imran","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108072","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108072","article-title":"Global and regional estimates and projections of diabetes-related health expenditure: results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas","volume":"162","author":"Williams","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13680","article-title":"Diabetes-related lower-extremity complications are a leading cause of the global burden of disability","volume":"35","author":"Lazzarini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetic Med."},{"key":"B3","unstructured":"IDF Diabetes Atlas 10th Edition 2021"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2367","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1615439","article-title":"Diabetic foot ulcers and their recurrence","volume":"376","author":"Armstrong","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1480249","DOI":"10.1080\/2000625X.2018.1480249","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness analysis of the human recombinant epidermal growth factor in the management of patients with diabetic foot ulcers","volume":"9","author":"Romero Prada","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetic Foot Ankle."},{"key":"B6","unstructured":"A comparative study on diabetic foot ulcers leading to amputations\n            RehmanR\n            MalikFR\n            RehmanZ\n          9589233J Postgrad Med Inst2018"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.29309\/TPMJ\/2012.19.04.2267","article-title":"Peripheral arterial disease:(Pad) in type 2 diabetic patients","volume":"19","author":"Hayat","year":"2012","journal-title":"Professional Med J."},{"key":"B8","unstructured":"Prevalence of diabetic foot syndrome amongst population with type 2 diabetes in Pakistan in primary care settings181824\n            KhanA\n            JunaidN\n          29256523JPMA672017"},{"key":"B9","unstructured":"Frequency of peripheral arterial disease in diabetic foot\n            AnsariS\n            MemonIA\n            ShaikhNA\n            MemonKI\n          Jlumhs.2009"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtv.2022.07.003","article-title":"The implications of diabetic foot health-related with quality of life: a retrospective case control investigation","author":"L\u00f3pez","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Tissue Viability."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.12984","article-title":"Specific foot health-related quality-of-life impairment in patients with type II versus type I diabetes","volume":"16","author":"Palomo-L\u00f3pez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Wound J."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.17957\/TPMJ\/16.3288","article-title":"Diabetic foot ulcer","volume":"23","author":"Abdul Waheed Jan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prof Med J"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-018-0282-y","article-title":"Frequency of foot ulcers in people with type 2 diabetes, presenting to specialist diabetes clinic at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan","volume":"18","author":"Younis","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Endocr Disord."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.22442\/jlumhs.161510456","article-title":"Diabetic foot ulcers in a tertiary care hospital; 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