{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T05:29:02Z","timestamp":1784870942295,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]],"date-time":"2022-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Preeclampsia is associated with an increased risk of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. This study aimed to assess preeclampsia prevalence in a Malaysian referral maternity hospital and the association between preeclampsia and maternal characteristics and outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2010 and December 2020 using secondary data from a single tertiary healthcare center in Greater Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A total of 40,212 deliveries were included for analysis to investigate the association between conditions (maternal characteristics and adverse birth outcomes) and preeclampsia. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to assess the association between multiple independent variables and the outcome variable (preeclampsia).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The reported prevalence of preeclampsia was 1.6%. Pregnant women with preeclampsia had a higher risk of preterm delivery (67.7%), instrumental and cesarean delivery (74.7%), neonatal low birth weight (48.5%), neonatal 5-min Apgar score &amp;lt;7 (18.1%), and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission (19.8%). There were significantly higher odds of developing preeclampsia among nullipara [adjusted odd ratio (adjOR) 1.792, 95% CI: 1.518\u20132.115], women with a previous history of preeclampsia (adjOR 5.345, 95% CI: 2.670\u201310.698) and women with multiple pregnancies (adjOR 1.658, 95% CI: 1.071\u20132.566). However, there is a significant association between maternal characteristic variables. There was a significant association when a combination of variables for risk assessment: the presence of anemia and gestational hypertension effect on preeclampsia (OR 26.344, 95% CI: 9.775\u201370.993, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.002) and gestational hypertension without anemia on preeclampsia (OR 3.084, 95% CI: 2.240\u20134.245, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001). Similarly, an association was seen between chronic hypertension and younger age (&amp;lt;35 years old) on preeclampsia (OR 14.490, 95% CI: 9.988\u201321.021, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001), and having chronic hypertension with advanced maternal age (\u226535 years old) on preeclampsia (OR 5.174, 95% CI: 3.267\u20138.195, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001). Both conditions had increased odds of preeclampsia, in varying magnitudes. Overall, the significant interaction effects suggest that a history of chronic or gestational hypertension has a different relationship to the incidence of preeclampsia depending on the maternal age and anemia status. Pregnant women with preeclampsia had significantly higher odds for preterm delivery (adjOR 6.214, 95% CI: 5.244\u20137.364), instrumental and cesarean delivery (adjOR 4.320, 95% CI: 3.587\u20135.202), neonatal low birth weight (adjOR 7.873, 95% CI: 6.687\u20139.271), 5-min Apgar score &amp;lt;7 (adjOR 3.158, 95% CI: 2.130\u20134.683), and NICU admission (adjOR 8.778, 95% CI: 7.115\u201310.830).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nulliparity, previous history of preeclampsia, and multiple pregnancies were associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia. The presence of different underlying conditions, such as chronic hypertension, anemia, and extremes of maternal age played an important role in increasing preeclampsia risk in the considered study. Larger samples are needed to validate such findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.973271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]],"date-time":"2022-10-17T05:18:11Z","timestamp":1665983891000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Prevalence, maternal characteristics, and birth outcomes of preeclampsia: A cross-sectional study in a single tertiary healthcare center in greater Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Rosnah","family":"Sutan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nurul Afzan","family":"Aminuddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaleha Abdullah","family":"Mahdy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e323","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(14)70227-X","article-title":"Global causes of maternal death: a WHO systematic analysis","volume":"2","author":"Say","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Global Health."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S168569","article-title":"Incidence, characteristics, maternal complications, and perinatal outcomes associated with preeclampsia with severe features and HELLP syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Kongwattanakul","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Womens Health."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2013.05.005","article-title":"Global and regional estimates of preeclampsia and eclampsia: a systematic review","volume":"170","author":"Abalos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol."},{"key":"B4","unstructured":"A retrospective Study on Pre-Eclampsia in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan: Pusat Pengajian Sains Perubatan, Universiti Sains Malaysia\n            MahamoothDMIJ\n          2018"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00070-7","article-title":"Pre-eclampsia","volume":"387","author":"Mol","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2011.11.021","article-title":"Biochemical markers to predict preeclampsia","volume":"33","author":"Anderson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Placenta."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.10803","article-title":"Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: ISSHP classification, diagnosis, and management recommendations for international practice","volume":"72","author":"Brown","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hypertension."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2016.05.005","article-title":"Preventing deaths due to the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy","volume":"36","author":"Von Dadelszen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-3-6","article-title":"Critical pathways for the management of preeclampsia and severe preeclampsia in institutionalised health care settings","volume":"3","author":"Perez-Cuevas","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth."},{"key":"B10","unstructured":"2018"},{"key":"B11","unstructured":"2018"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e237","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003891","volume":"135","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B13","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hypertension in Pregnancy: The Management of Hypertensive Disorders During Pregnancy"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kjms.2017.10.001","article-title":"An analysis of the risk factors of preeclampsia and prediction based on combined biochemical indexes","volume":"34","author":"Quan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Kaohsiung J Med Sci."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1038\/ajh.2011.175","article-title":"Maternal body mass index, height, and risks of preeclampsia","volume":"25","author":"Sohlberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2017.1297411","article-title":"Hijazi SaS. Preeclampsia in Jordan: incidence, risk factors, and its associated maternal and neonatal outcomes","volume":"31","author":"Khader","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Maternal Fetal Neonatal Med."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481095","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/481095","article-title":"Public health perspectives of preeclampsia in developing countries: implication for health system strengthening","volume":"2011","author":"Osungbade","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pregnancy."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1038\/jhh.2013.148","article-title":"Is ethnicity a risk factor for developing preeclampsia? An analysis of the prevalence of preeclampsia in China","volume":"28","author":"Xiao","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Human Hypertension."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/S1885-5857(07)60129-7","article-title":"Socioeconomic pathology as a cause of regional differences in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and pregnancy-induced hypertension","volume":"60","author":"L\u00f3pez-Jaramillo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev Espa\u00f1ola Cardiol."},{"key":"B20","unstructured":"2015"},{"key":"B21","unstructured":"2020"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000451","article-title":"Clinical risk factors for preeclampsia in the 21st century","volume":"124","author":"Par\u00e9","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.310.6973.170","article-title":"Multiple significance tests: The Bonferroni method","volume":"310","author":"Bland","year":"1995","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12629","article-title":"Pre-eclampsia, eclampsia and adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes: a secondary analysis of the world health organization multicountry survey on maternal and newborn health","volume":"121","author":"Abalos","year":"2014","journal-title":"BJOG Int J Obstet Gynaecol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0152167","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0152167","article-title":"Antenatal care utilisation and content between low-risk and high-risk pregnant women","volume":"11","author":"Yeoh","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e91198","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0091198","article-title":"Risk factors of pre-eclampsia\/eclampsia and its adverse outcomes in low- and middle-income countries: a WHO secondary analysis","volume":"9","author":"Bilano","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1097\/FM9.0000000000000101","article-title":"First trimester screening for preeclampsia: an asian perspective","volume":"3","author":"Moungmaithong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Maternal Fetal Med."},{"key":"B28","unstructured":""},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S142","DOI":"10.56026\/imu.6.Suppl1.S142","article-title":"A review of maternal mortality in Malaysia","volume":"6","author":"Yadav","year":"2012","journal-title":"IeJSME."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.jphp.3190030","article-title":"Reducing maternal mortality: can we derive policy guidance from developing country experiences?","volume":"25","author":"Liljestrand","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Public Health Policy."},{"key":"B31","unstructured":"2012"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0218669","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0218669","article-title":"Breaking down the barriers: Understanding migrant workers' access to healthcare in Malaysia","volume":"14","author":"Loganathan","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1007\/s10389-017-0825-0","article-title":"Risk factors of preeclampsia: a case control study among mothers in Sana'a, Yemen","volume":"25","author":"Al-Tairi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Public Health."},{"key":"B34","unstructured":"Statistics and Causes of Death Malaysia"},{"key":"B35","unstructured":"Comparative review of fourteen years maternal mortality in achieving MDG5 in Malaysia and UKMMC5963\n            Abd RahmanR\n            IsmailNM\n            YassinMA\n            SulaimanAS\n          Malaysian J Public Health Med132013"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2017.09.006","article-title":"Historical evolution of ideas on eclampsia\/preeclampsia: a proposed optimistic view of preeclampsia","volume":"123","author":"Robillard","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e029908","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-029908","article-title":"Prevalence and risk of pre-eclampsia and gestational hypertension in twin pregnancies: a population-based register study","volume":"9","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.18502\/jfrh.v13i4.2646","article-title":"Maternal perinatal outcomes related to advanced maternal age in preeclampsia pregnant women","volume":"13","author":"Tyas","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Family Reprod Health."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-12-47","article-title":"Preeclampsia complicated by advanced maternal age: a registry-based study on primiparous women in Finland 1997\u20132008","volume":"12","author":"Lamminp\u00e4\u00e4","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12659","article-title":"Advanced maternal age and pregnancy outcomes: a multicountry assessment","volume":"121","author":"Laopaiboon","year":"2014","journal-title":"BJOG Int J Obstet Gynaecol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.08.022","article-title":"Advanced maternal age and adverse perinatal outcomes in an Asian population","volume":"148","author":"Liou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reproduct Biol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e56583","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0056583","article-title":"Advanced maternal age and adverse pregnancy outcome: evidence from a large contemporary cohort","volume":"8","author":"Kenny","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B43","unstructured":"Advanced maternal age and adverse pregnancy outcomes in Muar, Johor, Malaysia153742\n            RashedH\n            AwaluddinS\n            AhmadNA\n            SuparN\n            LaniZ\n            AzizF\n          Sains Malays.452016"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"JE20170283","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20170283","article-title":"The effect of maternal age at the first childbirth on gestational age and birth weight: the Japan environment and children's study (JECS)","volume":"2018","author":"Kyozuka","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Epidemiol"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s41118-020-00108-0","article-title":"European countries with delayed childbearing are not those with lower fertility","volume":"77","author":"Beaujouan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Genus."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.18848\/1835-4432\/CGP\/v02i02\/41004","article-title":"Hassan Z. Never-married malay muslim women in modernised malaysia: are they rejecting marriage?","volume":"2","author":"Rozita","year":"2009","journal-title":"Global Studies J."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmr026","article-title":"Te Velde E, Reproduction E, Force ST. Why do people postpone parenthood? Reasons and social policy incentives","volume":"17","author":"Mills","year":"2011","journal-title":"Human Reprod Update."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2019.07.004","article-title":"The two-stage placental model of preeclampsia: an update","volume":"134","author":"Staff","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.14860","article-title":"Multi-fetal pregnancy, preeclampsia, and long-term cardiovascular disease","volume":"76","author":"Bergman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hypertension."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2007.10.783","article-title":"Twin pregnancy and the risk of preeclampsia: bigger placenta or relative ischemia?","volume":"198","author":"Bdolah","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B51","unstructured":"2020National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2019: Vol. I: NCDs \u2013 Non-Communicable Diseases: Risk Factors and other Health Problems ISBN: e978-967-18159-2-2"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"l251","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l251","article-title":"Social determinants and non-communicable diseases: time for integrated action","volume":"364","author":"Marmot","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"B53","unstructured":"2016"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847693","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.847693","article-title":"The prevalence and risk factors of iron deficiency anemia among pregnant women in malaysia: a systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Abd Rahman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Nutr."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.003904","article-title":"Chronic hypertension in pregnancy","volume":"129","author":"Seely","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-018-1800-7","article-title":"Hemoglobin levels during the first trimester of pregnancy are associated with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus, pre-eclampsia and preterm birth in Chinese women: a retrospective study","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth."},{"key":"B57","first-page":"194","article-title":"High maternal hemoglobin concentration in first trimester as risk factor for pregnancy induced hypertension","volume":"2","author":"Aghamohammadi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Caspian J Intern Med"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"l2381","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l2381","article-title":"Pre-eclampsia: pathophysiology and clinical implications","volume":"366","author":"Burton","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-021-03712-w","article-title":"Gestational hypertension and progression towards preeclampsia in Northern Ethiopia: prospective cohort study","volume":"21","author":"Yemane","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-4-311","article-title":"Severe anaemia is associated with a higher risk for preeclampsia and poor perinatal outcomes in Kassala hospital, eastern Sudan","volume":"4","author":"Ali","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes."},{"key":"B61","first-page":"648","article-title":"Exposure of endothelial cells to free heme potentiates damage mediated by granulocytes and toxic oxygen species","volume":"64","author":"Balla","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lab Invest."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2008.03259.x","article-title":"Vascular biology of preeclampsia","volume":"7","author":"Myatt","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemostasis."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.054361","article-title":"Angiogenic factors and the risk of adverse outcomes in women with suspected preeclampsia","volume":"125","author":"Rana","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"BC22","DOI":"10.7860\/JCDR\/2021\/50696.15530","article-title":"Prophylactic iron supplementation in pregnancy and its implications in development of preeclampsia: a case control study","volume":"15","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1039\/C3MT00347G","article-title":"Serum ferritin is an important inflammatory disease marker, as it is mainly a leakage product from damaged cells","volume":"6","author":"Kell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Metallomics."},{"key":"B66","unstructured":"Increased serum ferritin and iron levels in preeclampsia502\n            MaitraS\n            MukthapuramA\n            HuligolG\n            SreelathaG\n            VishwanathH\n          IOSR.52019"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.08414","article-title":"Hypertension in pregnancy and offspring cardiovascular risk in young adulthood: Prospective and sibling studies in the hunt study (nord-tr\u00f8ndelag health study) in Norway","volume":"69","author":"Alsnes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8101625","article-title":"Preeclampsia: risk factors, diagnosis, management, and the cardiovascular impact on the offspring","volume":"8","author":"Fox","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Med."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2018.1491030","article-title":"Maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes among different types of hypertensive disorders associating pregnancy needing intensive care management","volume":"33","author":"Maged","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Maternal Fetal Neonatal Med."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.09499","article-title":"Estimating the cost of preeclampsia in the healthcare system: cross-sectional study using data from SCOPE study (Screening for Pregnancy End Points)","volume":"70","author":"Fox","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hypertension."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003581","article-title":"Maternal and infant health care costs related to preeclampsia","volume":"134","author":"Hao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.04.032","article-title":"Short-term costs of preeclampsia to the United States health care system","volume":"217","author":"Stevens","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-021-06349-4","article-title":"The role of aspirin dose and initiation time in the prevention of preeclampsia and corresponding complications: a meta-analysis of RCTs","volume":"305","author":"Yip","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0175914","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0175914","article-title":"Comparison of risk factors and outcomes of gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia","volume":"12","author":"Shen","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.15406\/ipcb.2018.04.00126","article-title":"A 5 year trend and predictors of preterm births in single referral centre of the Greater Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","volume":"4","author":"Sutan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Pregn Chi Birth"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-010-1587-x","article-title":"The impact of advanced maternal age and parity on obstetric and perinatal outcomes in singleton gestations","volume":"284","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.973271\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]],"date-time":"2022-10-17T05:18:15Z","timestamp":1665983895000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.973271\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]]},"references-count":76,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2022.973271"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.973271","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]]},"article-number":"973271"}}