{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:29:26Z","timestamp":1753892966078,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,15]],"date-time":"2022-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81870684","82171092"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81870684","82171092"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020YFC2008200","2021YFC2702100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFC2008200","2021YFC2702100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the reasons for wasting orthokeratology (OK) lenses due to breakage or loss, provide more comprehensive guidelines for the clinical care of lenses and minimize time and costs for patients due to excessive broken and lost lenses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A survey was administered to clinic outpatients who had broken or lost their OK lenses before the regularly scheduled replacement cycle (1\u20131.5 years). The association between the frequency of OK lens breakage and daily care was assessed using Fisher's exact test and multivariable ordered logistic regression analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 306 valid questionnaires were collected. Among the subjects, 141 were male, and 165 were female, with a mean age of 10.57 \u00b1 2.00 years (range: 6\u201318 years). In the investigation of the causes of OK lens waste, 81.4% of the patients reported lens breakage, 13.1% lost their lenses, and 5.6% of patients experienced both fragmentation and lens loss. More than half of the patients (52.90%) used incorrect lens cleaning techniques. In further analysis of the relationship between the frequency of OK lens fragmentation within a year and daily care habits, a significant difference was observed between the caregiver (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.03) and whether the lenses were cleaned promptly after removal (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001). Mothers as daily caregivers of OK lenses had a lower frequency of fragmentation in a year compared to nanny or grandparents (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.014, OR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.13, 0.80). The failure to clean the lenses according to eye care practitioners' guidance was a risk factor for the frequent breakage of OK lenses (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001. OR = 5.29, 95% CI = 3.15, 8.89).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The causes of OK lens waste were mainly attributed to caregivers, care practices and some unexpected situations that can be avoided through optometrists' reminders. Regardless of the reasons for noncompliant behavior leading to breakage or loss of OK lenses, all of the complications can probably be addressed by better and more frequent reinforcement of care procedures by practitioners. Better clinical guidance measures and more frequent reminders could prevent a large proportion of abnormal waste of OK lenses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.981573","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,15]],"date-time":"2022-08-15T06:09:38Z","timestamp":1660543778000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["An investigation into the causes of abnormal waste of Ortho-K lenses"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Yuzhuo","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiahui","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zisu","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingwei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2017.09.004","article-title":"The epidemics of myopia: aetiology and prevention","volume":"62","author":"Morgan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e339","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70113-X","article-title":"Causes of vision loss worldwide, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis","volume":"1","author":"Bourne","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2011.00884.x","article-title":"Worldwide prevalence and risk factors for myopia","volume":"32","author":"Pan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-020-01410-3","article-title":"Prevalence of myopia and associated risk factors among primary students in Chongqing: multilevel modeling","volume":"20","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-00231-4","article-title":"Myopia","volume":"6","author":"Baird","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7504","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8343","article-title":"High prevalence of myopia and high myopia in 5060 Chinese university students in Shanghai","volume":"53","author":"Sun","year":"2012","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.12839","article-title":"Myopia and orthokeratology for myopia control","volume":"102","author":"Cho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.11.010","article-title":"Efficacy comparison of 16 interventions for myopia control in children: a network meta-analysis","volume":"123","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.11.026","article-title":"Use of orthokeratology for the prevention of myopic progression in children: a report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology","volume":"126","author":"VanderVeen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ophthalmology."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2020.03.018","article-title":"Overnight orthokeratology","volume":"43","author":"Bullimore","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cont Lens Anterior Eye."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-199010001-00003","article-title":"How important are lens oxygen ratings? 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