{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T03:58:15Z","timestamp":1789185495208,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]],"date-time":"2022-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004896","name":"Eisai Incorporated","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004896","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012781","name":"MSD K.K.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004298","name":"Secom Science and Technology Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004298","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lack of social support is associated with depression, anxiety, and insomnia. This study aimed to determine the source of support related to depression, anxiety, and insomnia among Japanese workers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>As part of a cohort study, we conducted a questionnaire survey among city government employees in Koka City, Shiga Prefecture, Japan, from September 2021 to March 2022. We used the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder\u22127 (GAD-7), and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) to assess depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and insomnia, respectively. We used the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (BJSQ) to assess job stressors and social support (from supervisors, colleagues, and family).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 1,852 Japanese employees (38.4% male, 45.9 \u00b1 12.9 years) participated in the survey, with 15.5, 10.8, and 8.2% of the participants having depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 \u2265 10), anxiety symptoms (GAD-7 \u2265 10), and insomnia (ISI \u2265 15), respectively. The logistic regression analysis suggested that job stressors were associated with depressive symptoms (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001), anxiety symptoms (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001), and insomnia (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.009). In contrast, support from co-workers (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.016) and family members (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.001) was associated with decreased depressive symptoms. Support from family members was associated with decreased insomnia (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.005).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Social support from co-workers and family may be associated with reduced depressive symptoms, and family support may be associated with reduced insomnia in the Japanese working population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical trial registration<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:ext-link>https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT03276585<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.981592","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]],"date-time":"2022-11-22T10:46:18Z","timestamp":1669113978000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Limited social support is associated with depression, anxiety, and insomnia in a Japanese working population"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Chie","family":"Omichi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Kaminishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Kadotani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukiyoshi","family":"Sumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayaka","family":"Ubara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kohei","family":"Nishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arichika","family":"Matsuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuji","family":"Ozeki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20190050","article-title":"Psychosocial work environment explains the association of job Dissatisfaction with long-term sickness absence: a one-year prospect study of Japanese employees","volume":"30","author":"Inoue","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Epidemiol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-8289-5","article-title":"Occupational stress and the risk of turnover: a large prospective cohort study of employees in Japan","volume":"20","author":"Kachi","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Public Health."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515874","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/515874","article-title":"synthesis of the evidence for managing stress at work: a review of the reviews reporting on anxiety, depression, and absenteeism","volume":"2012","author":"Bhui","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Environ Public Health."},{"key":"B4","unstructured":"SauterS\n            MurphyL\n            ColliganM\n            SwansonN\n            HurrellJJr.\n            ScharfFJr.\n          Stress at work: U.S. Department of Health Human Services. 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