{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T06:08:38Z","timestamp":1790143718324,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,7]],"date-time":"2022-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662508800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Quality of life (QoL) has been always an important way to evaluate the outcomes of schizophrenia, but there have been few previous longitudinal studies and few in middle-income countries. This study aimed to explore the QoL in Chinese patients with schizophrenia treated in primary mental health care and the risk factors of QoL over time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with schizophrenia treated in primary mental health care in rural\/regional areas in Luoding, Guangdong, PR China, were evaluated with an extended questionnaire including the Chinese version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) at baseline and 2-year follow-up. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted including Generalized Estimated Equation analyses (GEE).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four hundred and ninety-one patients with schizophrenia in primary care completed the 2-year follow up evaluation. The QoL physical, environmental, and social relationships domains showed improvement after the 2-year period, but the psychological domain did not. GEE results showed that earlier age of onset, older age, being employed, being unmarried, the thicker waist circumference, less use of clozapine or other SGAs, fewer hospitalizations, more frequent insomnia, more severe depressive and negative symptoms as well as worse treatment insight were independently associated with poor QoL in patients with schizophrenia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>According to our results, to improve the quality of life of patients with schizophrenia in primary care, we should pay more attention to the treatment of depression, negative and insomnia symptoms of schizophrenia, the choice and dosage of antipsychotic medication and improvement in the treatment compliance. The combined use of educational and behavioral strategies may improve treatment adherence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.983733","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]],"date-time":"2022-09-08T14:08:49Z","timestamp":1662646129000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Quality of life in patients with schizophrenia: A 2-year cohort study in primary mental health care in rural China"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Xiao-Yan","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Migliorini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuo-Hui","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zi-Lang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao-Nan","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian-Wen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shi-Bin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carol","family":"Harvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cai-Lan","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(18)30511-X","article-title":"Prevalence of mental disorders in China: a cross-sectional epidemiological study","volume":"6","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiat."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbs130","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of recovery in schizophrenia","volume":"39","author":"J\u00e4\u00e4skel\u00e4inen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2004.05.014","article-title":"Meta-analysis of the time-course of brain volume reduction in schizophrenia: implications for pathogenesis and early treatment","volume":"73","author":"Woods","year":"2005","journal-title":"Schizophr Res."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.2165\/11594470-000000000-00000","article-title":"Measuring quality of qife in patients with schizophrenia: an update","volume":"30","author":"Awad","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharmacoeconomics."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2017.08.005","article-title":"Quality of life in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: the impact of symptomatic remission and resilience","volume":"46","author":"Hofer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-13-15","article-title":"Quality of life is predictive of relapse in schizophrenia","volume":"13","author":"Boyer","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-005-3236-6","article-title":"Impact of untreated psychosis on quality of life in patients with first-episode schizophrenia","author":"Law","year":"2005","journal-title":"Qual Life Res."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.04.049","article-title":"Quality of life in Chinese patients with schizophrenia treated in primary care","volume":"254","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.07.013","article-title":"A meta-analysis of factors associated with quality of life in first episode psychosis","volume":"202","author":"Watson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Schizophr Res."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.09.021","article-title":"Association between symptoms and quality of life in patients with schizophrenia: a pooled analysis of changes over time","volume":"133","author":"Priebe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Schizophr Res."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-016-0023-5","article-title":"Comorbid moderate\u2013severe depressive symptoms and their association with quality of life in chinese patients with schizophrenia treated in primary care","volume":"52","author":"Hou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Community Ment Health J."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2019.04.011","article-title":"Longitudinal evidence for a relation between depressive symptoms and quality of life in schizophrenia using structural equation modeling","volume":"208","author":"van Rooijen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Schizophr Res."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2759","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-020-02541-2","article-title":"Sleep disturbance and quality of life in clinically stable inpatients with schizophrenia in rural China","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Qual Life Res."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104608","article-title":"Half a century of research on antipsychotics and schizophrenia: a scientometric study of hotspots, nodes, bursts, and trends","volume":"136","author":"Sabe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-0979.2002.00233.x","article-title":"Quality of life in schizophrenia: a review of the literature from 1995 to 2000","volume":"11","author":"Pinikahana","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Nurs."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-010-9593-9","article-title":"Socio-demographic and clinical determinants of quality of life in Chinese patients with schizophrenia: a prospective study","volume":"19","author":"Xiang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Qual Life Res."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-007-9285-2","article-title":"Subjective quality of life in outpatients with schizophrenia in hong kong and beijing: relationship to socio-demographic and clinical factors","volume":"17","author":"Xiang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Qual Life Res."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1007\/s11126-017-9495-x","article-title":"Community mental health care providers' understanding of recovery principles and accounts of directiveness with consumers","volume":"88","author":"Osborn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatr Q."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.18553\/jmcp.2016.16004","article-title":"Integrated pharmacies at community mental health centers: medication adherence and outcomes","volume":"22","author":"Wright","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Manag Care Spec Pharm."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1007\/s11013-018-9618-3","article-title":"Differences on quality of life of patients with schizophrenia: a multicentric study from three latin-america countries","volume":"43","author":"Caqueo-Ur\u00edzar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cult Med Psychiatry."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-019-2205-5","article-title":"Sexual dysfunction in Chinese rural patients with schizophrenia","volume":"19","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry."},{"key":"B22","first-page":"76","article-title":"The application of translated Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) (1) reliability test","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"1983","journal-title":"Chin J Nerv Ment Dis."},{"key":"B23","first-page":"74","article-title":"The application of translated brief psychiatric Rating scale (BPRS) (2) validity test","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"1984","journal-title":"Chin J Nerv Ment Dis."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.134.4.382","article-title":"A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change","volume":"134","author":"Montgomery","year":"1979","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e31819636a5","article-title":"Scales for evaluating depressive symptoms in Chinese patients with schizophrenia","volume":"197","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.32.12.856","article-title":"Measuring chronic schizophrenic patients' attitudes toward their illness and treatment","volume":"32","author":"McEvoy","year":"1981","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv."},{"key":"B27","first-page":"72","article-title":"Reliability measurement of the self knowledge and treatment attitudes questionnaire","volume":"12","author":"Gao","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Mental Health."},{"key":"B28","first-page":"105","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of insomnia and its impact on quality of life in Chinese schizophrenia patients","volume":"32","author":"Xiang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sleep."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.2831","article-title":"Suicidal thoughts and behaviors in older adults in rural China: a preliminary study","volume":"27","author":"Chiu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry."},{"key":"B30","article-title":"The introduce and usage of WHOQOL instrument(in Chinese)","author":"Hao","year":"2000","journal-title":"Modern Rehabil"},{"key":"B31","volume-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences\/Jacob Cohen","author":"Cohen","year":"1969"},{"key":"B32","volume-title":"Designing and Conducting Survey Research: A Comprehensive Guide","author":"Rea","year":"1992"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-011-9988-2","article-title":"Ten-year quality of life outcomes among patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders: I. Predictive value of disorder-related factors","volume":"21","author":"Ritsner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Qual Life Res."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2016.02.034","article-title":"Subjective quality of life in first-episode psychosis. A ten year follow-up study","volume":"172","author":"Gardsjord","year":"2016","journal-title":"Schizophr Res."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-018-1520-3","article-title":"Quality of life and social functioning of former long-stay psychiatric patients transferred into the community: a 10 year follow up study","volume":"53","author":"Mclnerney","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s13584-022-00524-x","article-title":"Similarities and differences between two well-performing healthcare systems: a comparison between the Israeli and the Danish healthcare systems","volume":"11","author":"Rotenberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Isr J Health Policy Res."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2018.06.004","article-title":"Age of onset and quality of life among males and females with schizophrenia: a national study","volume":"53","author":"Rotstein","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033495","article-title":"The psychosocial outcome of adolescent-onset schizophrenia: a 12-year followup","volume":"26","author":"Lay","year":"2000","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.024","article-title":"Age or age at onset? Which of them really matters for neuro and social cognition in schizophrenia?","volume":"225","author":"Linke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e31805d8572","article-title":"Factors affecting quality of life in a multiracial sample of older persons with schizophrenia","volume":"15","author":"Bankole","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.07.003","article-title":"Quality of life in Chinese patients with schizophrenia: a meta-analysis","volume":"268","author":"Lu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.08r04171","article-title":"Increased antipsychotic sensitivity in elderly patients: evidence and mechanisms","volume":"70","author":"Uchida","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1038\/s41537-021-00171-2","article-title":"Antipsychotics for negative and positive symptoms of schizophrenia: dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled acute phase trials","volume":"7","author":"Sabe","year":"2021","journal-title":"NPJ schizophrenia."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.3109\/08039488.2012.687768","article-title":"Predictive value of symptoms for quality of life in first-episode schizophrenia","volume":"67","author":"Chugh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nord J Psychiatry."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.5414\/CP202413","article-title":"Antipsychotic polypharmacy and quality of life in patients with schizophrenia treated in primary care in China","volume":"54","author":"Hou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2015.07.022","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome and obesity among users of second generation antipsychotics: a global challenge for modern psychopharmacology","volume":"101","author":"Rojo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)00085-7","article-title":"Effects of first-generation antipsychotics versus second-generation antipsychotics on quality of life in schizophrenia: a double-blind, randomised study","volume":"3","author":"Gr\u00fcnder","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1080\/08039488.2020.1811374","article-title":"Effectiveness of clozapine on quality of life and functioning in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia","volume":"75","author":"Verma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nord J Psychiatry."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1111\/ppc.12139","article-title":"Prevalence of insomnia and clinical and quality of life correlates in Chinese patients with schizophrenia treated in primary care","volume":"53","author":"Hou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Perspect Psychiatr Care."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17041350","article-title":"Insomnia in schizophrenia patients: prevalence and quality of life","author":"Batalla-Mart\u00edn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.07.030","article-title":"Insomnia is frequent in schizophrenia and associated with night eating and obesity","volume":"133","author":"Palmese","year":"2011","journal-title":"Schizophr Res."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-002-0361-x","article-title":"Short-term training increases diagnostic and treatment rate for insomnia in general practice","volume":"252","author":"Backhaus","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1185\/030079905X65637","article-title":"An international survey of insomnia: under-recognition and under-treatment of a polysymptomatic condition","volume":"21","author":"Leger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin."},{"key":"B54","first-page":"S354","article-title":"Daytime consequences and correlates of insomnia in the United States: results of the 1991 National Sleep Foundation Survey","volume":"22","author":"Roth","year":"1999"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.003","article-title":"Major depression, sleep, hostility and body mass index are associated with impaired quality of life in schizophrenia. Results from the FACE-SZ cohort","volume":"274","author":"Fond","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2016.12.021","article-title":"Childhood trauma, depression and negative symptoms are independently associated with impaired quality of life in schizophrenia. Results from the national FACE-SZ cohort","volume":"185","author":"Andrianarisoa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Schizophr Res."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.07.019","article-title":"Relative contributions of negative symptoms, insight, and coping strategies to quality of life in stable schizophrenia","volume":"220","author":"Montemagni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-015-1057-9","article-title":"Health-related quality of life in patients with prominent negative symptoms: results from a multicenter randomized Phase II trial on bitopertin","volume":"25","author":"Rofail","year":"2016","journal-title":"Qual Life Res."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291717002264","article-title":"The nature and efficacy of culturally-adapted psychosocial interventions for schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"48","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol Med."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2019.11.002","article-title":"Physical exercise for negative symptoms of schizophrenia: systematic review of randomized controlled trials and meta-analysis","volume":"62","author":"Sabe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.116.190520","article-title":"Treatment of depression in schizophrenia: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"211","author":"Gregory","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2011.10.008","article-title":"Insight into illness, neurocognition and quality of life in schizophrenia","volume":"36","author":"Boyer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20508","article-title":"Insight in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: relationship with behavior, mood and perceived quality of life, underlying causes and emerging treatments","volume":"17","author":"Lysaker","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Psychiatry."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1758-5872.2009.00021.x","article-title":"China\u2013Australia\u2013Hong Kong tripartite community mental health training program","volume":"1","author":"Ng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Asia Pac Psychiatry."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1007\/s11126-020-09786-7","article-title":"Poor insight in schizophrenia patients in China: a meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"91","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatr Q."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.011","article-title":"Determinants of subjective health-related quality of life (HRQoL) for patients with schizophrenia","volume":"154","author":"Chou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Schizophr Res."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.2008.01818.x","article-title":"Predictors of subjective and objective quality of life in outpatients with schizophrenia","volume":"62","author":"Yamauchi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin Neurosci."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.05.033","article-title":"Generic and disease-specific quality of life and its predictors among Chinese inpatients with schizophrenia","volume":"228","author":"Zeng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2021.03.013","article-title":"Employment and relationship outcomes in first-episode psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies","volume":"231","author":"Ajnakina","year":"2021","journal-title":"Schizophr Res."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2010.01.014","article-title":"Neurocognitive, clinical and functional correlates of subjective quality of life in Asian outpatients with schizophrenia","volume":"34","author":"Woon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-003-0436-3","article-title":"Determinants of subjective quality of life in post acute patients with schizophrenia","volume":"253","author":"Bechdolf","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(03)00191-9","article-title":"The personal impact of schizophrenia in Europe","volume":"69","author":"Thornicroft","year":"2004","journal-title":"Schizophr Res."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.05.008","article-title":"Meta-analysis of the positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) factor structure","volume":"115","author":"Shafer","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2016.05.003","article-title":"Secondary negative symptoms - a review of mechanisms, assessment and treatment","volume":"186","author":"Kirschner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Schizophr Res."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.983733\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]],"date-time":"2022-09-08T14:08:57Z","timestamp":1662646137000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.983733\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,7]]},"references-count":74,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2022.983733"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.983733","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,7]]},"article-number":"983733"}}