{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T20:12:07Z","timestamp":1773432727035,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]],"date-time":"2022-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Mycobacterium intracellulare<\/jats:italic> is the most common cause of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease, with a rapidly growing prevalence worldwide. In this study, we performed comparative genomic analysis and antimicrobial susceptibility characteristics analysis of 117 clinical <jats:italic>M. intracellulare<\/jats:italic> strains in China. Phylogenetic analysis showed that clinical <jats:italic>M. intracellulare<\/jats:italic> strains had high genetic diversity and were not related to the geographical area. Notably, most strains (76.07%, 89\/117) belonged to <jats:italic>Mycobacterium paraintracellulare<\/jats:italic> (MP) and <jats:italic>Mycobacterium indicus pranii<\/jats:italic> (MIP) in the genome, and we named them MP-MIP strains. These MP-MIP strains may be regarded as a causative agent of chronic lung disease. Furthermore, our data demonstrated that clarithromycin, amikacin, and rifabutin showed strong antimicrobial activity against both <jats:italic>M. intracellulare<\/jats:italic> and MP-MIP strains <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. Our findings also showed that there was no clear correlation between the <jats:italic>rrs, rrl<\/jats:italic>, and DNA gyrase genes (<jats:italic>gyrA<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>gyrB<\/jats:italic>) and the aminoglycosides, macrolides, and moxifloxacin resistance, respectively. In conclusion, this study highlights the high diversity of <jats:italic>M. intracellulare<\/jats:italic> in the clinical setting and suggests paying great attention to the lung disease caused by MP-MIP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.989587","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]],"date-time":"2022-11-17T14:47:02Z","timestamp":1668696422000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["High diversity of clinical Mycobacterium intracellulare in China revealed by whole genome sequencing"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Zexuan","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aijing","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunfa","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wencong","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiangjie","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yiting","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dongxin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shengfen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanlin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2016.31.5.649","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease","volume":"31","author":"Kwon","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1521-3","article-title":"Pulmonary Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare is the main driver of the rise in non-tuberculous mycobacteria incidence in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, 2007-2012","volume":"16","author":"Shah","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.12-0494","article-title":"Clinical significance of the differentiation between Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare in M avium complex lung disease","volume":"142","author":"Koh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chest."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2017.00027","article-title":"Infection Sources of a Common Non-tuberculous Mycobacterial Pathogen, Mycobacterium avium Complex","volume":"4","author":"Nishiuchi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Med."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2021.62.10.903","article-title":"Continued upward trend in non-tuberculous mycobacteria isolation over 13 years in a tertiary care hospital in Korea","volume":"62","author":"Ahn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-021-00844-1","article-title":"Nontuberculous mycobacteria in China: incidence and antimicrobial resistance spectrum from a nationwide survey","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infect. 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