{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T14:49:01Z","timestamp":1787237341126,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]],"date-time":"2022-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668038400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    During this pandemic, it is crucial to implement early interventions to help nurses manage their mental wellbeing by providing them with information regarding coping skills, preventive risk assessment approaches (such as hospital preparedness and rapid risk assessment), and the ability to respond. This study evaluated the effect of fear and risk assessment management on nurses' mental wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia. A total of 507 nurses who worked in tertiary public hospitals were asked to take a descriptive design survey. Three survey scales were used to assess the survey: the Risk Assessment Scale, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, and the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale. Independent\n                    <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                    -tests and a one-way ANOVA were used to examine the association between fear of COVID-19 and nurses' demographic characteristics on their mental wellbeing. A multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the predictors associated with mental wellbeing. Findings revealed that almost half of the participants showed moderate positive mental wellbeing, 49.7%, while only 14% had low levels of fear on the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental\n                    <jats:italic>Well<\/jats:italic>\n                    being Scale. Most of the respondents had low levels of fear on the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, 45%, while only 15% had high levels of fear on the scale. Then, some demographic variables, such as \u201cage,\u201d \u201cnationality,\u201d \u201ctotal years of experience in the current hospital,\u201d and \u201cregion you work at\u201d had statistically significant differences with\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 0.5. Meanwhile, risk assessment is also associated with mental wellbeing scores. All items on the Fear of COVID-19 Scale showed no significant difference with a\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;gt; 0.05. In conclusion, most nurses providing direct patient care to a patient with COVID-19 emphasized the importance of wearing PPE and performing hand hygiene before and after any clean or aseptic procedure. Meanwhile, although almost all nurses were vaccinated, they were still afraid of a COVID-19 infection. Additionally, the results reported that the older the nurses are, the better their mental wellbeing scores. Non-Saudi nurses had higher perceived mental wellbeing scores than Saudi nurses, and different working environments corresponded to different mental wellbeing scores. Finally, nurses' risk assessment was associated with mental wellbeing scores.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.992466","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]],"date-time":"2022-11-10T03:55:11Z","timestamp":1668052511000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The relationship between nurses' risk assessment and management, fear perception, and mental wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Reem N.","family":"Al-Dossary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sana","family":"AlMahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maram Ahmed","family":"Banakhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majed","family":"Alamri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamdan","family":"Albaqawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khaled","family":"Al Hosis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed S.","family":"Aljohani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bader","family":"Alrasheadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rawaih","family":"Falatah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noura","family":"Almadani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalid","family":"Aljohani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jalal","family":"Alharbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph U.","family":"Almazan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","unstructured":"Saudi Arabia: WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard With Vaccination Data2020"},{"key":"B2","unstructured":"Real-World COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness in Healthcare Workers2022"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.10.008","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccination coverage among hospital-based healthcare personnel reported through the department of health and human services unified hospital data surveillance system, United States","volume":"49","author":"Reses","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control."},{"key":"B4","unstructured":"New CDC Study: Vaccination Offers Higher Protection Than Previous COVID-19 Infection CDC2016"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.14746","article-title":"Infection prevention and control awareness, attitudes, and practices among healthcare professionals in South India","volume":"16","author":"Thazha","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries."},{"key":"B6","unstructured":"Statistics-COVID-19 Vaccinations2021"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.15002","article-title":"Predictors of nursing students' intention to receive COVID-19 vaccination: a multi-university study in Saudi Arabia","volume":"78","author":"Alshehry","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1080\/09638237.2021.1922636","article-title":"Risk perceptions, fear, depression, anxiety, stress and coping among Saudi nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"30","author":"Alsolais","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Ment Health."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9060593","article-title":"Lack of trust, conspiracy beliefs, and social media use predict COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy","volume":"9","author":"Jennings","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccines."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2021.03.077","article-title":"The development of COVID-19 vaccines in the United States: why and how so fast?","volume":"39","author":"Kuter","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccine."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1057\/s41599-022-01092-w","article-title":"What causes COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy? 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