{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T16:55:36Z","timestamp":1792688136842,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]],"date-time":"2023-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Multiple factors affect cognitive health, such as age-related changes in the brain, injuries, mood disorders, substance abuse, and diseases. While some cannot be changed, evidence exists of many potentially possibly modifiable lifestyle factors: diet, physical activity, cognitive and social engagement, smoking and alcohol consumption which may stabilize or improve declining cognitive function. In nutrition, the focus has been mainly on its role in brain development in the early years. There is a strong emerging need to identify the role of diet and nutrition factors on age-related cognitive decline, which will open up the use of new approaches for prevention, treatment or management of age-related disorders and maintaining a good quality of life among older adults. While data on effect of high protein diets is not consistent, low-fat diets are protective against cognitive decline. Several micronutrients like B group vitamins and iron, as well as many polyphenols play a crucial role in cognitive health. Mediterranean, Nordic, DASH, and MIND diets are linked to a lower risk of cognitive decline and dementia. The relationship between the gut microbiome and brain function through the gut-brain axis has led to the emergence of data on the beneficial effects of dietary fibers and probiotics through the management of gut microbes. A \u201cwhole diet\u201d approach as well as macro- and micro-nutrient intake levels that have protective effects against cardiovascular diseases are most likely to be effective against neurodegenerative disorders too. Young adulthood and middle age are crucial periods for determining cognitive health in old age. The importance of cardio metabolic risk factors such as obesity and hypertension, smoking and physical inactivity that develop in middle age suggest that preventive approaches are required for target populations in their 40s and 50s, much before they develop dementia. The commonality of dementia risk with cardiovascular and diabetes risk suggests that dementia could be added to present non-communicable disease management programs in primary healthcare and broader public health programs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1023907","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]],"date-time":"2023-03-27T02:00:05Z","timestamp":1679882405000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":228,"title":["Nutrition and cognitive health: A life course approach"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Seema","family":"Puri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majida","family":"Shaheen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhanvi","family":"Grover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2005.11.004","article-title":"The NIH cognitive and emotional health project. Report of the critical evaluation Study committee","volume":"2","author":"Hendrie","year":"2006","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"2007"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-012-0313-2","article-title":"Development of a new method for assessing global risk of Alzheimer\u2019s disease for use in population health approaches to prevention","volume":"14","author":"Anstey","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prev Sci"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002259","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002259","article-title":"Potentially modifiable lifestyle factors, cognitive reserve, and cognitive function in later life: a cross-sectional study","volume":"14","author":"Clare","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.094","article-title":"Diffusion tensor imaging of white matter tract evolution over the lifespan","volume":"60","author":"Lebel","year":"2012","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.14182","article-title":"Early environmental influences on the development of children\u2019s brain structure and function","volume":"61","author":"Miguel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"ref7","unstructured":"2011"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1111\/nure.12102","article-title":"Nutrition and brain development in early life","volume":"72","author":"Prado","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e199","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(15)70002-1","article-title":"Association between breastfeeding and intelligence, educational attainment, and income at 30 years of age: a prospective birth cohort study from Brazil","volume":"3","author":"Victora","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11081953","article-title":"How lifestyle factors affect cognitive and executive function and the ability to learn in children","volume":"11","author":"Jirout","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31389-7","article-title":"Advancing early childhood development: from science through the life course","volume":"389","author":"Black","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-nutr-082117-051652","article-title":"Brain nutrition: a life span approach","volume":"38","author":"Goyal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu Rev Nutr"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-020-1317-4","article-title":"Association between dietary protein intake and cognitive function in adults aged 60 years and older","volume":"24","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp15X687241","article-title":"Promoting modifiable risk factors for dementia: is there a role for general practice?","volume":"65","author":"O\u2019Donnell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117863882110223","DOI":"10.1177\/11786388211022373","article-title":"Protein intake and cognitive function in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Coelho-J\u00fanior","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Insights"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23593.Dietary","article-title":"Dietary fat types and 4-year cognitive change in community-dwelling older women","volume":"72","author":"Okereke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2012.12.018","article-title":"The longer-term impacts of Western diet on human cognition and the brain","volume":"63","author":"Francis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1038\/s41538-017-0008-y","article-title":"Food for thought: how nutrition impacts cognition and emotion","volume":"1","author":"Spencer","year":"2017","journal-title":"NPJ Sci Food"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v5.i6.889","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"5","author":"Barbagallo","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Diabetes"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3820","article-title":"Polyunsaturated fatty acids and their metabolites in brain function and disease","volume":"15","author":"Bazinet","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.05.013.The","article-title":"The role of nutrition in brain development: the Golden opportunity of the first 1000 days brain development in late fetal and early postnatal life","volume":"175","author":"Cusick","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.12058","article-title":"Nutrition and neurodegeneration: epidemiological evidence and challenges for future research","volume":"75","author":"Gillette-Guyonnet","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-018573","article-title":"The association between macronutrient intake and cognition in individuals aged under 65 in China: a cross-sectional study","volume":"8","author":"Ding","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref24","unstructured":"2021"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.3945\/an.115.012021","article-title":"Vitamin B-12 and cognition in children 1\u20133","volume":"7","author":"Venkatramanan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2014.07.006","article-title":"NIH public access","volume":"115","author":"Agnew-Blais","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.110775","article-title":"Effects of vitamin B-12 supplementation on neurologic and cognitive function in older people: a randomized controlled trial 1, 2","volume":"102","author":"Dangour","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1159\/000346968","article-title":"Systematic review on daily Vitamin B12 losses and bioavailability for deriving recommendations on Vitamin B12 intake with the factorial approach","volume":"62","author":"Doets","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Nutr Metab"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2161","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15012","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of low Vitamin D on cognition","volume":"65","author":"Goodwill","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2013.05.1765","article-title":"Reduced 25-hydroxyvitamin D and risk of Alzheimer\u2019s disease and vascular dementia. 2014 may; 10(3):296-302","volume":"10","author":"Afzal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1159\/000334944","article-title":"Serum vitamin D deficiency as a predictor of incident non-Alzheimer dementias: a 7-year longitudinal study","volume":"32","author":"Annweiler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2017.01.019","article-title":"Does high dose vitamin D supplementation enhance cognition?: A randomized trial in healthy adults","volume":"90","author":"Pettersen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2012-121432","article-title":"Low serum vitamin D concentrations in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Annweiler","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1159\/000339702","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency, cognitive impairment and dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Etgen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2013.05.004","article-title":"The association between vitamin D and cognition: a systematic review","volume":"12","author":"van der Schaft","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-150943","article-title":"Cognition and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: the therapeutic benefit is in the D-tails","volume":"53","author":"Landel","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028016673072","article-title":"Use of Vitamin E and C supplements for the prevention of cognitive decline","volume":"51","author":"Basambombo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114515000720","article-title":"Diet and cognitive decline at middle age: the role of antioxidants","volume":"113","author":"Nooyens","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2012.85","article-title":"Antioxidants for Alzheimer disease: a randomized clinical trial with cerebrospinal fluid biomarker measures","volume":"69","author":"Galasko","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000129","article-title":"Dietary antioxidant intake and its association with cognitive function in an ethnically diverse sample of US adults","volume":"77","author":"Beydoun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6739","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7085306","article-title":"Dietary vitamin K intake is associated with cognition and behaviour among geriatric patients: the CLIP study","volume":"7","author":"Chouet","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2258","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001638","article-title":"Healthy eating and reduced risk of cognitive decline","volume":"84","author":"Smyth","year":"2015","journal-title":"American Acad. Neurol."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/ph12030126","article-title":"Multilevel impacts of iron in the brain: the cross talk between neurophysiological mechanisms, cognition, and social behavior","volume":"12","author":"Ferreira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980016001361","article-title":"Rogers-Carter1 2 JAV 2 KBGAFPMTMMR, Christianson1 JP. Diet quality and cognitive function in an urban sample: findings from the healthy aging in neighborhoods of diversity across the life span (HANDLS) study","volume":"20","author":"Morgan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9070674","article-title":"The association between the Mediterranean dietary pattern and cognitive health: a systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Aridi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.047993","article-title":"Mediterranean diet and cognitive function: a French study","volume":"97","author":"Kesse-Guyot","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e318294a065","article-title":"Mediterranean diet and cognitive function in older age","volume":"24","author":"Samieri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3182944410","article-title":"Mediterranean diet, cognitive function, and dementia: a systematic review","volume":"24","author":"Lourida","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-130831","article-title":"Mediterranean diet and cognitive decline. A lesson from the whole-diet approach: what challenges lie ahead?","volume":"39","author":"Solfrizzi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2014.178","article-title":"Mediterranean diet interventions to prevent cognitive decline--opportunities and challenges","volume":"68","author":"Woodside","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2012-111799","article-title":"Polyphenol-rich foods in the Mediterranean diet are associated with better cognitive function in elderly subjects at high cardiovascular risk","volume":"29","author":"Valls-Pedret","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2014.09.010","article-title":"The Study of mental and resistance training (SMART) study\u2014resistance training and\/or cognitive training in mild cognitive impairment: a randomized, double-blind, double-sham controlled trial","volume":"15","author":"Fiatarone Singh","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23944","article-title":"Mediterranean diet, stroke, cognitive impairment, and depression: a meta-analysis","volume":"74","author":"Psaltopoulou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.3945\/an.114.007617","article-title":"Dietary patterns, cognitive decline, and dementia: a systematic review","volume":"6","author":"van de Rest","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv Nutrition"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13047","article-title":"Nutrition and risk of dementia: overview and methodological issues","volume":"1367","author":"Morris","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114515001890","article-title":"The Nordic diet and cognition--the DR\u2019s EXTRA Study","volume":"114","author":"M\u00e4nnikk\u00f6","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114514003341","article-title":"Effects of the dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH) diet on cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"113","author":"Siervo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1080\/1028415X.2017.1287833.Enhanced","article-title":"In mild cognitive impairment","volume":"21","author":"Boespflug","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutr Neurosci"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0188173","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0188173","article-title":"Effects of a mixed berry beverage on cognitive functions and cardiometabolic risk markers; a randomized cross-over study in healthy older adults","volume":"12","author":"Nilsson","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10060660","article-title":"A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study to compare the safety and efficacy of low dose enhanced wild blueberry powder and wild blueberry extract (Thinkblue\u2122) in maintenance of episodic and working memory in older adults","volume":"10","author":"Whyte","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2018.1425978","article-title":"How does high DHA fish oil affect health? A systematic review of evidence","volume":"59","author":"Ghasemi Fard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S422","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmz081","article-title":"Plant-based dietary patterns, plant foods, and age-related cognitive decline","volume":"10","author":"Rajaram","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000119","article-title":"Effects of blood glucose levels on resting-state EEG and attention in healthy volunteers","volume":"32","author":"An","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2011.12.017","article-title":"Acute ingestion of different macronutrients differentially enhances aspects of memory and attention in healthy young adults","volume":"89","author":"Jones","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol Psychol"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-011-2510-2","article-title":"The effect of glucose dose and fasting interval on cognitive function: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, six-way crossover study","volume":"220","author":"Owen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881110367725","article-title":"Dose-response investigation into glucose facilitation of memory performance and mood in healthy young adults","volume":"25","author":"S\u00fcnram-Lea","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576S","DOI":"10.3945\/an.115.010231","article-title":"The effects of breakfast and breakfast composition on cognition in adults","volume":"7","author":"Adolphus","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv Nutrition"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576S","DOI":"10.3945\/an.115.010231","article-title":"The effects of breakfast and breakfast composition on cognition in adults","volume":"7","author":"Galioto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10020229","article-title":"The nordic prudent diet reduces risk of cognitive decline in the Swedish older adults: a population-based cohort study","volume":"10","author":"Shakersain","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0182048","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0182048","article-title":"Mediterranean diet and cognitive health: initial results from the Hellenic longitudinal investigation of ageing and diet","volume":"12","author":"Anastasiou","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.051276","article-title":"Prospective study of dietary approaches to stop hypertension-and Mediterranean-style dietary patterns and age-related cognitive change: the Cache County Study on memory, health and aging","volume":"98","author":"Wengreen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980011003302","article-title":"Refined carbohydrate intake in relation to non-verbal intelligence among Tehrani schoolchildren","volume":"15","author":"Abargouei","year":"2012","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-017-0330-3","article-title":"Adherence to Mediterranean diet and subjective cognitive function in men","volume":"33","author":"Bhushan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref74","first-page":"3234","article-title":"Eating patterns are associated with cognitive function in the elderly at risk of metabolic syndrome from rural areas","volume":"18","author":"Bajerska","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.12.011","article-title":"MIND not Mediterranean diet related to 12-year incidence of cognitive impairment in an Australian longitudinal cohort study","volume":"15","author":"Hosking","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9090919","article-title":"Avocado consumption increases macular pigment density in older adults: a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"9","author":"Scott","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3033","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S218238","article-title":"Effect of an extra-virgin olive oil intake on the delay of cognitive decline: role of secoiridoid oleuropein?","volume":"15","author":"Klimova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2020.00325","article-title":"The effect of healthy diet on cognitive performance among healthy seniors\u2013a mini review","volume":"14","author":"Klimova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-019-0552-0","article-title":"The effects of plant-based diets on the body and the brain: a systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Medawar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2015.1668","article-title":"Mediterranean diet and age-related cognitive decline: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"175","author":"Valls-Pedret","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114511001024","article-title":"Fruit and vegetable intake and cognitive decline in middle-aged men and women: the Doetinchem cohort Study","volume":"106","author":"Nooyens","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-014-0014-6","article-title":"Long-term intake of nuts in relation to cognitive function in older women","volume":"18","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000338.Dietary","article-title":"Dietary patterns and cognitive decline among Chinese older adults","volume":"176","author":"Qin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114516002877","article-title":"The effect of healthy dietary consumption on executive cognitive functioning in children and adolescents: a systematic review","volume":"116","author":"Cohen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6552","article-title":"A systematic review of the clinical use of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) to ameliorate cognitive dysfunction","volume":"34","author":"Ng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881114552744","article-title":"Investigation of the effects of solid lipid curcumin on cognition and mood in a healthy older population","volume":"29","author":"Cox","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114512000669","article-title":"A berry thought-provoking idea: the potential role of plant polyphenols in the treatment of age-related cognitive disorders","volume":"108","author":"Cherniack","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s12263-011-0255-5","article-title":"Do polyphenols enter the brain and does it matter? Some theoretical and practical considerations","volume":"7","author":"Schaffer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Genes Nutr"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2019.00204","article-title":"Lifestyle choices and brain health","volume":"6","author":"Mintzer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3850.Enhancing","article-title":"Enhancing dentate gyrus function with dietary flavanols improves cognition in older adults","volume":"176","author":"Adam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-160142","article-title":"Chocolate consumption is associated with a lower risk of cognitive decline","volume":"53","author":"Moreira","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e11","DOI":"10.1017\/jns.2014.10","article-title":"Plasma lutein concentrations are related to dietary intake, but unrelated to dietary saturated fat or cognition in young children","volume":"3","author":"Mulder","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Nutr Sci"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22040610","article-title":"The pharmacological effects of lutein and zeaxanthin on visual disorders and cognition diseases","volume":"22","author":"Jia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0136904","article-title":"Exploratory metabolomic analyses reveal compounds correlated with lutein concentration in frontal cortex, hippocampus, and occipital cortex of human infant brain","volume":"10","author":"Lieblein-Boff","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2012-111781.High","article-title":"High blood caffeine levels in MCI linked to lack of progression to dementia","volume":"176","author":"Cao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2010-101428","article-title":"Coffee intake in midlife and risk of dementia and its neuropathologic correlates","volume":"23","author":"Gelber","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2011-110431.Gender","article-title":"Gender differences in tea, coffee, and cognitive decline in the elderly: the cardiovascular health Study","volume":"23","author":"Arab","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2013.12.010","article-title":"Phytoestrogens and cognitive function: a review","volume":"77","author":"Soni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000000280","article-title":"Soy Isoflavones for reducing bone loss Study: effects of a 3-year trial on hormones, adverse events, and endometrial thickness in postmenopausal women","volume":"22","author":"Alekel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/hmbci-2018-0012","article-title":"Obesity associated disease risk: the role of inherent differences and location of adipose depots. Horm Mol biol","volume":"16","author":"Hill","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Investig"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9367","DOI":"10.3402\/jom.v4i0.9367","article-title":"The gut microbiome: scourge, sentinel or spectator?","volume":"4","author":"Korecka","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Oral Microbiol"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2014.171","article-title":"Impact of nutrition on brain development and its neuroprotective implications following preterm birth","volume":"77","author":"Keunen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-018-1703-4","article-title":"The role of the microbiome for human health: from basic science to clinical applications","volume":"57","author":"Mohajeri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00104","article-title":"The links between the gut microbiome, aging, modern lifestyle and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"10","author":"Askarova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15490","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3299-14.2014","article-title":"Gut microbes and the brain: paradigm shift in neuroscience","volume":"34","author":"Mayer","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.35248\/2155-6156.19.10.839","article-title":"A double blind, randomised, four arm clinical study to evaluate the safety, efficacy and tolerability of collagen peptide as a nutraceutical therapy in the management of Type II diabetes mellitus","volume":"10","author":"Devasia","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Diabetes Metab"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-0897-4_10","article-title":"Bacterial neuroactive compounds produced by psychobiotics","volume":"817","author":"Wall","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1113\/JP273106","article-title":"Gut instincts: microbiota as a key regulator of brain development, ageing and neurodegeneration","volume":"595","author":"Dinan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2016.06.011","article-title":"The neuropharmacology of butyrate: the bread and butter of the microbiota-gut-brain axis?","volume":"99","author":"Stilling","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-015-0144-7","article-title":"Influences of diet and the gut microbiome on epigenetic modulation in cancer and other diseases","volume":"7","author":"Paul","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Epigenetics"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2009.202515","article-title":"Bacterial infection causes stress-induced memory dysfunction in mice","volume":"60","author":"Gareau","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2015.04.004","article-title":"Gut microbiota depletion from early adolescence in mice: implications for brain and behaviour","volume":"48","author":"Desbonnet","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1738","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2013.02.008","article-title":"Effects of Lactobacillus helveticus on murine behavior are dependent on diet and genotype and correlate with alterations in the gut microbiome","volume":"38","author":"Ohland","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.02.055","article-title":"Probiotics treatment improves diabetes-induced impairment of synaptic activity and cognitive function: behavioral and electrophysiological proofs for microbiome-gut-brain axis","volume":"240","author":"Davari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref115","volume-title":"WHO Guidelines","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e112355","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0112355","article-title":"Measurement of visceral fat: should we include retroperitoneal fat?","volume":"9","author":"Hung","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1080\/1028415X.2018.1477349","article-title":"Synbiotic supplementation, systemic inflammation, and symptoms of brain disorders in elders: a secondary study from a randomized clinical trial","volume":"23","author":"Louzada","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutr Neurosci"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/srep41317","article-title":"Adherence to Mediterranean diet and risk of developing cognitive disorders: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies","volume":"7","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref119","unstructured":"16322020"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1023907\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]],"date-time":"2023-03-27T02:00:11Z","timestamp":1679882411000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1023907\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]]},"references-count":119,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1023907"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1023907","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]]},"article-number":"1023907"}}