{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T06:05:11Z","timestamp":1792908311350,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001547","name":"China Medical Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21-445"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21-445"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001547","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81971650"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81971650"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82273019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82273019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Understanding the effects of demographic drivers on lung cancer mortality trends is critical for lung cancer control. We have examined the drivers of lung cancer mortality at the global, regional, and national levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data on lung cancer death and mortality were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019. Estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) in the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) for lung cancer and all-cause mortality were calculated to measure temporal trends in lung cancer from 1990 to 2019. Decomposition analysis was used to analyze the contributions of epidemiological and demographic drivers to lung cancer mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite a non-significant decrease in ASMR [EAPC\u2009=\u2009\u22120.31, 95% confidence interval (CI): \u22121.1 to 0.49], the number of deaths from lung cancer increased by 91.8% [95% uncertainty interval (UI): 74.5\u2013109.0%] between 1990 and 2019. This increase was due to the changes in the number of deaths attributable to population aging (59.6%), population growth (56.7%), and non-GBD risks (3.49%) compared with 1990 data. Conversely, the number of lung cancer deaths due to GBD risks decreased by 19.8%, mainly due to tobacco (\u221212.66%), occupational risks (\u22123.52%), and air pollution (\u22123.47%). More lung cancer deaths (1.83%) were observed in most regions, which were due to high fasting plasma glucose levels. The temporal trend of lung cancer ASMR and the patterns of demographic drivers varied by region and gender. Significant associations were observed between the contributions of population growth, GBD risks and non-GBD risks (negative), population aging (positive), and ASMR in 1990, the sociodemographic index (SDI), and the human development index (HDI) in 2019.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Population aging and population growth increased global lung cancer deaths from 1990 to 2019, despite a decrease in age-specific lung cancer death rates due to GBD risks in most regions. A tailored strategy is needed to reduce the increasing burden of lung cancer due to outpacing demographic drivers of epidemiological change globally and in most regions, taking into account region- or gender-specific risk patterns.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1054200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T05:49:20Z","timestamp":1683265760000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Epidemiological and demographic drivers of lung cancer mortality from 1990 to 2019: results from the global burden of disease study 2019"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yaguang","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuebing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongli","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaowei","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinghua","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youlin","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21492","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"68","author":"Bray","year":"2018","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"ref2","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14338-3","article-title":"Estimates of global mortality attributable to smoking in 2000","volume":"362","author":"Ezzati","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(13)70279-1","article-title":"Air pollution and lung cancer incidence in 17 European cohorts: prospective analyses from the European study of cohorts for air pollution effects (ESCAPE)","volume":"14","author":"Raaschou-Nielsen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2037530","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.37530","article-title":"Association of 13 occupational carcinogens in patients with cancer, individually and collectively, 1990-2017","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3055","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.73.3329","article-title":"Dietary fat intake and lung cancer risk: a pooled analysis","volume":"35","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(21)00164-8","article-title":"2019 respiratory tract cancers collaborators. 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