{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T12:42:56Z","timestamp":1793277776153,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692662400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dengue is a significant public health problem in mostly tropical countries, including Timor-Leste. Dengue continues to draw attention from the health sector during the COVID-19 phenomenon. Therefore, the goal of this study is to evaluate the dengue incidence rate in comparison with the COVID-19 cumulative number and associated dengue risk factors, including the fatality rate of dengue infection in each municipality during the COVID-19 phenomenon in Timor-Leste, by applying the data processing program in Geographic Information Systems (GIS). A descriptive study using GIS was performed to provide a spatial-temporal mapping of dengue cases. Secondary data, which were sourced from the Department of Health Statistics Information under the Ministry of Health Timor-Leste, were collected for the period during the COVID-19 outbreak in 2020\u20132021. These data were grounded at the municipal (province) level. Quantum GIS and Microsoft Excel were used to analyze the data. During the COVID-19 outbreak (2020\u20132021), dengue spread nationwide. It was found that there was an increase in municipalities with high dengue cases and cumulative COVID-19 numbers. The high number of dengue cases associated with the COVID-19 cumulative number found in municipalities with an urban characteristic and in terms of severity, dengue fever (DF) is most commonly reported with a total of 1,556 cases and is followed by dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Most cases were reported in the months of the monsoon season, such as December, January, and March. Dengue GIS mapping helps understand the disease's presence and dynamic nature over time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1057951","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T13:55:57Z","timestamp":1692712557000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Dengue in Timor-Leste during the COVID-19 phenomenon"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Zito Viegas","family":"da Cruz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afonso Lima","family":"Araujo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexis","family":"Ribas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Choosak","family":"Nithikathkul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2021.100358","article-title":"Mapping the spatial distribution of the dengue vector Aedes aegypti and predicting its abundance in northeastern Thailand using machine-learning approach","volume":"13","author":"Rahman","year":"2021","journal-title":"One Heal"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1007\/s13280-012-0287-0","article-title":"Climate change and population growth in Timor Leste: Implications for food security","volume":"41","author":"Molyneux","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ambio."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006400","article-title":"Scabies and impetigo in Timor-Leste: a school screening study in two districts","volume":"12","author":"Korte","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-020-03162-3","article-title":"From malaria control to elimination within a decade: lessons learned from Timor Leste, a newly independent country","volume":"19","author":"Manel Yapabandara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Malar J."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.3961\/jpmph.18.170","article-title":"Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding tuberculosis in Timor-Leste: results from the demographic and health Survey 2016","volume":"52","author":"Pengpid","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Prev Med Public Heal."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.5694\/mja17.00666","article-title":"Rheumatic heart disease in Timor-Leste school students: an echocardiography-based prevalence study","volume":"208","author":"Davis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med J Aust."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2020.12.033","article-title":"Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic: a recent mini review","volume":"19","author":"Rehman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput Struct Biotechnol J."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-020-01332-9","article-title":"Risk and protective factors for prospective changes in adolescent mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"50","author":"Magson","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Youth Adolesc."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.04.01.20050039","article-title":"Perceptions and behavioural responses of the general public during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional survey of UK adults","author":"Atchison","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.33321\/cdi.2023.47.1","article-title":"The epidemiology of the COVID-19 pandemic in the small, low-resource country of Timor-Leste, January 2020 - June 2022","author":"Niha","year":"2023","journal-title":"Commun. 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