{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T06:52:50Z","timestamp":1792479170647,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]],"date-time":"2023-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687996800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aims to assess the economic impact of introducing the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) and 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) to Thai older adult aged \u2265\u200965 \u2009years who are healthy or with chronic health conditions and immunocompromised conditions from a societal perspective in order to introduce the vaccine to Thailand\u2019s National Immunization Program for the older adult.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A Markov model was adopted to simulate the natural history and economic outcomes of invasive pneumococcal diseases using updated published sources and Thai databases. We reported analyses as incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) in USD per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained. In addition, sensitivity analyses and budget impact analyses were conducted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The base-case analysis of all interventions (no vaccinations [current standard of care in Thailand], PPSV23, and PCV13) showed that PPSV23 was extendedly dominated by PCV13. Among healthy individuals or those with chronic health conditions, ICER for PCV13 was 233.63 USD\/QALY; meanwhile, among individuals with immunocompromised conditions, ICER for PCV13 was 627.24 USD\/QALY. PCV13 are economical vaccine for all older adult Thai individuals when compared to all interventions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the context of Thailand, PCV13 is recommended as the best buy and should be primarily prioritized when both costs and benefits are considered. Also, this model will be beneficial to the two-next generation pneumococcal vaccines implementation in Thailand.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1071117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]],"date-time":"2023-06-29T16:45:35Z","timestamp":1688057135000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["A cost-effectiveness analysis of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugated vaccine and the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine among Thai older adult"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Thundon","family":"Ngamprasertchai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chayanis","family":"Kositamongkol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saranath","family":"Lawpoolsri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pinyo","family":"Rattanaumpawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viravarn","family":"Luvira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piriyaporn","family":"Chongtrakool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaranit","family":"Kaewkungwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kulkanya","family":"Chokephaibulkit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pochamana","family":"Phisalprapa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2021.1984888","article-title":"A review of current data to support decision making for introduction of next generation higher valency pneumococcal conjugate vaccination of immunocompetent older adults in the UK","volume":"20","author":"Vyse","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.10.048","article-title":"Pneumococcal disease in Thailand","volume":"102","author":"Gamil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/s1473-3099(18)30052-5","article-title":"Rapid increase in non-vaccine serotypes causing invasive pneumococcal disease in England and Wales, 2000-17: a prospective national observational cohort study","volume":"18","author":"Ladhani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.04.046","article-title":"Overview of the disease burden of invasive pneumococcal disease in Asia","volume":"27","author":"Bravo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.15-0429","article-title":"Incidence of pneumococcal pneumonia among adults in rural Thailand, 2006-2011: implications for pneumococcal vaccine considerations","volume":"93","author":"Piralam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.3111\/13696998.2014.898644","article-title":"A retrospective study to assess the epidemiological and economic burden of pneumococcal diseases in adults aged 50 years and older in Taiwan","volume":"17","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Med Econ"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1007\/s40258-020-00553-0","article-title":"Estimating the productivity burden of pediatric pneumococcal disease in Thailand","volume":"18","author":"Ounsirithupsakul","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl Health Econ Health Policy"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0131156","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0131156","article-title":"Do pneumococcal conjugate vaccines represent good value for money in a lower-middle income country? 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