{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T06:18:00Z","timestamp":1791353880450,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]],"date-time":"2023-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014996","name":"Health Commission of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023KY759"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023KY759"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014996","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Risk perception, a critical psychological construct, influences health behavior modification and maintenance of individuals with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Little is known about CVD risk perception among Chinese adults. This research examined the profiles of CVD risk perception of community adults in South China, and explored the characteristics and factors that influence their perception of CVD risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cross-sectional study was conducted in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, in South China from March to July 2022 and included 692 participants. Risk perception was assessed using the Chinese version of the Attitude and Beliefs about Cardiovascular Disease Risk Questionnaire. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was performed to extract latent classes of CVD risk perception. These classes of CVD risk perception were compared with 10-year CVD risk categories to define correctness of estimation. Chi-square tests and multinomial regression analyses were used to identify differences between these categories.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three CVD risk perception classes were identified by LPA: low risk perception (14.2% of participants), moderate risk perception (46.8%), high risk perception (39.0%). Individuals who were aged with 40\u201360 year (<jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic> = 6.94, 95% <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic> = 1.86\u201325.84), diabetes (<jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic> = 6.26, 95% <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic> = 1.34\u201329.17), married (<jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic> = 4.52, 95% <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic> = 2.30\u20138.90), better subjective health status (<jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic> = 3.23, 95% <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic> = 1.15\u20139.10) and perceived benefits and intention to change physical activity (<jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic> = 1.16, 95% <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic> = 1.05\u20131.27) were more likely to be in the high-risk perception class. Compared to absolute 10-year CVD risk based on China-PAR, a third of participants (30.1%) correctly estimated their CVD risk, 63.3% overestimated it and 6.6% underestimated it. CVD risk underestimation was associated with hypertension (<jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic> = 3.91, 95% <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic> = 1.79\u20138.54), drinking (<jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic> = 3.05, 95% <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic> = 1.22\u20137.64), better subjective health status (<jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic> = 2.67, 95% <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic> = 1.18\u20136.03).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most adults in South China possess a moderate level of CVD risk perception. Advanced age, higher monthly income, diabetes and better health status were significantly related to higher perceived CVD risk. Individuals with hypertension, drinking and better subjective health status were associated with CVD risk underestimation. Healthcare professionals should pay attention to the indicators for different classes and identify underestimation group as early as possible.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1073121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]],"date-time":"2023-05-09T05:08:19Z","timestamp":1683608899000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Cardiovascular disease risk perception among community adults in South China: a latent profile analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Zhiting","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujia","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nianqi","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qunfei","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erling","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuanqi","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingfen","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.11.010","article-title":"Global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors, 1990-2019: update from the GBD 2019 study","volume":"76","author":"Roth","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3967\/bes2022.079","article-title":"Report on cardiovascular health and diseases in China 2021: an updated summary","author":"china","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed Environ Sci."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.043731","article-title":"Sex differences in primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in China","volume":"141","author":"Xia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2013.12.065","article-title":"Use of drug treatment for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in urban and rural communities of China: China Kadoorie Biobank Study of 0.5 million people","volume":"172","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01330-1","article-title":"Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants","volume":"398","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1097\/01.JCN.0000317432.44586.aa","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease knowledge and risk perception among underserved individuals at increased risk of cardiovascular disease","volume":"23","author":"Homko","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Nurs."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e014413","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-014413","article-title":"Development of a questionnaire to evaluate patients' awareness of cardiovascular disease risk in England's National Health Service Health Check preventive cardiovascular programme","volume":"7","author":"Woringer","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcnurse.2004.05.002","article-title":"Better knowledge improves adherence to lifestyle changes and medication in patients with coronary heart disease","volume":"3","author":"Alm-Roijer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1037\/a0033065","article-title":"Does heightening risk appraisals change people's intentions and behavior? 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