{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T04:44:12Z","timestamp":1791434652090,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]],"date-time":"2023-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691107200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Babesiosis is a protozoan disease acquired by the bite of different species of ticks. More than 100 <jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic> spp. infect wild and domestic animals worldwide, but only a few have been documented to infect humans. Generally, babesiosis is asymptomatic in immunocompetent persons; however, in immunocompromised can be life-threatening. A 13-year-old boy from the Amazon region presented with a 3-month evolution of fever, chills, general malaise, and arthralgia accompanied by anemia and jaundice. In the last 4\u2009years was diagnosed with chronic kidney failure. By nested-PCR using 18S RNA ribosomal gene as target and DNA sequencing, the phylogenetic analysis showed <jats:italic>Babesia bigemina<\/jats:italic> as the causative agent in the blood. Treatment with oral quinine plus clindamycin for six continuous weeks was effective with no relapse occurring during 12\u2009months of follow-up. This is the second human case in Ecuador but the first caused by the zoonotic <jats:italic>B. bigemina<\/jats:italic> which confirms the existence of active transmission that should alert public health decision-making authorities on the emergence of this zoonosis and the need for research to determine strategies to reduce tick exposure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1079042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]],"date-time":"2023-08-04T08:29:01Z","timestamp":1691137741000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Case report: First report on human infection by tick-borne Babesia bigemina in the Amazon region of Ecuador"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Manuel","family":"Calvopi\u00f1a","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Montesdeoca-Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Bastidas-Caldes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Enriquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richar","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Hidalgo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dayana","family":"Aguilar-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9020440","article-title":"Emerging human Babesiosis with \u201cground zero\u201d in North America","volume":"9","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2208.150195","article-title":"Human Babesiosis, Bolivia, 2013","volume":"22","author":"Gabrielli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab050","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA): 2020 guideline on diagnosis and Management of Babesiosis","volume":"72","author":"Krause","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10111447","article-title":"The global emergence of human Babesiosis","volume":"10","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2008.03.001","article-title":"Babesiosis: recent insights into an ancient disease","volume":"38","author":"Hunfeld","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1097\/00043426-200403000-00015","article-title":"Asymptomatic Babesiosis in a child with Hepatoblastoma","volume":"26","author":"Rech","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pediatr Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822003000400010","article-title":"Serological and parasitological study and report of the first case of human babesiosis in Colombia","volume":"36","author":"R\u00edos","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-9062.249480","article-title":"Babesiosis prevalence in malaria-endemic regions of Colombia","volume":"55","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Vector Borne Dis"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11020263","article-title":"Call for Caution to Consider Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina as Anthropozoonotic Agents in Colombia. 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