{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T14:41:34Z","timestamp":1771512094293,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previous studies have explored the correlation between short-term exposure to air pollution and urinary system diseases, but lack of evidence on the correlation between air pollution and urolithiasis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Daily data of emergency department visits (EDVs), concentrations of six air pollutants (SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>, PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>, CO, and O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>) and meteorological variables were collected in Wuhan, China, from 2016 to 2018. And a time-series study was conducted to investigate short-term effects of air pollutants on urolithiasis EDVs. In addition, stratified analyses by season, age and gender were also conducted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 7,483 urolithiasis EDVs were included during the study period. A 10-\u03bcg\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> increase of SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>, CO, PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>, and O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> corresponded to 15.02% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.69%, 30.11%), 1.96% (95% CI: 0.19%, 3.76%), 1.09% (95% CI:\u22120.24%, 2.43%), 0.14% (95% CI: 0.02%, 0.26%), 0.72% (95% CI: 0.02%, 1.43%), and 1.17% (95% CI: 0.40%, 1.94%) increases in daily urolithiasis EDVs. Significant positive correlations were observed between SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, CO, and O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> and urolithiasis EDVs. The correlations were mainly among females (especially PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> and CO) and younger people (especially SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, and PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>) but the effect of CO was more obvious in elders. Furthermore, the effects of SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and CO were stronger in warm seasons, while the effects of NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> were stronger in cool seasons.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our time-series study indicates that short-term exposure to air pollution (especially SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, CO, and O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>) was positively correlated with EDVs for urolithiasis in Wuhan, China, and the effects varied by season, age and gender.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1091672","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T07:25:55Z","timestamp":1675063555000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Short-term effects of ambient air pollution on emergency department visits for urolithiasis: A time-series study in Wuhan, 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