{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T23:02:07Z","timestamp":1792623727325,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the differences and reproducibility of blood flow among hyperopic anisometropic, fellow, and control eyes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We retrospectively studied 38 eyes of 19 patients with hyperopic anisometropia (8.2 \u00b1 3.0 years of age) and 13 eyes of eight control patients (6.8 \u00b1 1.9 years). We measured the optic nerve head (ONH) and choroidal circulation using laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG) and analyzed the choroidal mean blur rate (MBR-choroid), MBR-A (mean of all values in ONH), MBR-V (vessel mean), MBR-T (tissue mean), and sample size (sample), which are thought to reflect the ONH area ratio, area ratio of the blood stream (ARBS). We then assessed the coefficient of variation (COV) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and compared the differences among amblyopic, fellow, and control eyes in MBR, sample, and ARBS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The ONH, MBR-A, MBR-T, and ARBS of amblyopic eyes were significantly higher than those of fellow eyes (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.01, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05, and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05, respectively), and control eyes (MBR-A and ARBS, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05, for both comparisons). The sample-T (size of tissue component) in amblyopic eyes was significantly smaller than that in fellow and control eyes (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). Blood flow in the choroid did not differ significantly between the eyes. The COVs of the MBR, sample, and ARBS were all \u226410%. All ICCs were \u22650.7. The COVs of pulse waveform parameter fluctuation, blowout score (BOS), blowout time (BOT), and resistivity index (RI) in the ONH and choroid were \u226410%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The MBR value of the LSFG in children exhibited reproducibility. Thus, this method can be used in clinical studies. The MBR values of the ONH in amblyopic eyes were significantly high. It has been suggested that measuring ONH blood flow using LSFG could detect the anisometropic amblyopic eyes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1093686","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T05:25:40Z","timestamp":1677475540000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Ocular blood flow evaluation by laser speckle flowgraphy in pediatric patients with anisometropia"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Takashi","family":"Itokawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadashi","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saiko","family":"Matsumura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Momoko","family":"Kawakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuichi","family":"Hori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-25221","article-title":"Prevention and management of myopia and myopic pathology","volume":"60","author":"Saw","year":"2019","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2019-314759","article-title":"Global prevalence of amblyopia and disease burden projections through 2040: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"104","author":"Fu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.22336\/rjo.2020.56","article-title":"A systematic review of amblyopia prevalence among the children of the world","volume":"64","author":"Mostafaie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rom J Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1924","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.05.034","article-title":"Prevalence of amblyopia in school-aged children and variations by age, gender, and ethnicity in a multi-country refractive error study","volume":"122","author":"Xiao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1067\/mpa.2000.106963","article-title":"Optic nerve hypoplasia and small eyes in presumed amblyopia","volume":"4","author":"Lempert","year":"2000","journal-title":"J AAPOS."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2013-303938","article-title":"Choroidal thickness in children with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia","volume":"98","author":"Nishi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B7","first-page":"1708","article-title":"Axial length of the eye in anisohypermetropic amblyopia","volume":"85","author":"Usui","year":"1991","journal-title":"Jpn Rev Clin Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-1313.2003.00122.x","article-title":"The effect of axial length on ocular blood flow assessment in anisometropes","volume":"23","author":"Lam","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-012-9572-y","article-title":"The effect of anisometropic amblyopia on retrobulbar blood flow parameters. 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