{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T05:46:30Z","timestamp":1790401590426,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]],"date-time":"2023-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intensive care units (ICU) capacities are one of the most critical determinants in health-care management of the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the ICU-admission and case-fatality rate as well as characteristics and outcomes of patient admitted to ICU in order to identify predictors and associated conditions for worsening and case-fatality in this critical ill patient-group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used the German nationwide inpatient sample to analyze all hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis in Germany between January and December 2020. All hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection during the year 2020 were included in the present study and were stratified according ICU-admission.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, 176,137 hospitalizations of patients with COVID-19-infection (52.3% males; 53.6% aged \u226570 years) were reported in Germany during 2020. Among them, 27,053 (15.4%) were treated in ICU. COVID-19-patients treated on ICU were younger [70.0 (interquartile range (IQR) 59.0\u201379.0) vs. 72.0 (IQR 55.0\u201382.0) years, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001], more often males (66.3 vs. 48.8%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001), had more frequently cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cardiovascular risk-factors with increased in-hospital case-fatality (38.4 vs. 14.2%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001). ICU-admission was independently associated with in-hospital death [OR 5.49 (95% CI 5.30\u20135.68), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001]. Male sex [OR 1.96 (95% CI 1.90\u20132.01), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001], obesity [OR 2.20 (95% CI 2.10\u20132.31), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001], diabetes mellitus [OR 1.48 (95% CI 1.44\u20131.53), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001], atrial fibrillation\/flutter [OR 1.57 (95% CI 1.51\u20131.62), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001], and heart failure [OR 1.72 (95% CI 1.66\u20131.78), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001] were independently associated with ICU-admission.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>During 2020, 15.4% of the hospitalized COVID-19-patients were treated on ICUs with high case-fatality. Male sex, CVD and cardiovascular risk-factors were independent risk-factors for ICU admission.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1113793","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]],"date-time":"2023-02-15T10:14:33Z","timestamp":1676456073000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Predisposing factors for admission to intensive care units of patients with COVID-19 infection\u2014Results of the German nationwide inpatient sample"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Karsten","family":"Keller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioannis 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