{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T22:57:46Z","timestamp":1793055466096,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]],"date-time":"2023-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The provisions of the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for disability-inclusive education have stimulated a growing interest in ascertaining the prevalence of children with developmental disabilities globally. We aimed to systematically summarize the prevalence estimates of developmental disabilities in children and adolescents reported in systematic reviews and meta-analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For this umbrella review we searched PubMed, Scopus, Embase, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library for systematic reviews published in English between September 2015 and August 2022. Two reviewers independently assessed study eligibility, extracted the data, and assessed risk of bias. We reported the proportion of the global prevalence estimates attributed to country income levels for specific developmental disabilities. Prevalence estimates for the selected disabilities were compared with those reported in the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Based on our inclusion criteria, 10 systematic reviews reporting prevalence estimates for attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy, developmental intellectual disability, epilepsy, hearing loss, vision loss and developmental dyslexia were selected from 3,456 identified articles. Global prevalence estimates were derived from cohorts in high-income countries in all cases except epilepsy and were calculated from nine to 56 countries. Sensory impairments were the most prevalent disabilities (approximately 13%) and cerebral palsy was the least prevalent disability (approximately 0.2\u20130.3%) based on the eligible reviews. Pooled estimates for geographical regions were available for vision loss and developmental dyslexia. All studies had a moderate to high risk of bias. GBD prevalence estimates were lower for all disabilities except cerebral palsy and intellectual disability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Available estimates from systematic reviews and meta-analyses do not provide representative evidence on the global and regional prevalence of developmental disabilities among children and adolescents due to limited geographical coverage and substantial heterogeneity in methodology across studies. Population-based data for all regions using other approaches such as reported in the GBD Study are warranted to inform global health policy and intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1122009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]],"date-time":"2023-02-16T05:59:51Z","timestamp":1676527191000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":123,"title":["Global prevalence of developmental disabilities in children and adolescents: A systematic umbrella review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Bolajoko O.","family":"Olusanya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracey","family":"Smythe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix A.","family":"Ogbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. K. C.","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Scher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian C.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","unstructured":"Sustainable Development Goals. UN, New York2015"},{"key":"B2","unstructured":"Seen, counted, included: Using data to shed light on the well-being of children with disabilities. New York: United Nations Children's Fund2021"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.977453","article-title":"Global and regional prevalence of disabilities among children and adolescents: Analysis of findings from global health databases","author":"Olusanya","year":"","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"B4","unstructured":"CRPD2006"},{"key":"B5","article-title":"Congress. Senate","volume-title":"Committee on Labor and Human Resources. The Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act of 1990.","year":"1990"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2008.506","article-title":"Health care use and health and functional impact of developmental disabilities among US children, 1997-2005","volume":"163","author":"Boulet","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.312.7023.71","article-title":"Evidence based medicine: what it is and what it isn't","volume":"312","author":"Sackett","year":"1996","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1177\/0163278702025001003","article-title":"A brief history of research synthesis","volume":"25","author":"Chalmers","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eval Health Prof."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1017\/S026646230909062X","article-title":"The origins, evolution, and future of The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews","volume":"25","author":"Starr","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Technol Assess Health Care."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.15346","article-title":"Global prevalence of cerebral palsy: A systematic analysis","volume":"64","author":"McIntyre","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2696","article-title":"Global prevalence of autism: A systematic review update","volume":"15","author":"Zeidan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Autism Res."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4103\/joco.joco_135_21","article-title":"Global prevalence and causes of visual impairment and blindness in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"34","author":"Yekta","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Curr Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12381","article-title":"Annual research review: A meta-analysis of the worldwide prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents","volume":"56","author":"Polanczyk","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2021.03.019","article-title":"Global mapping of overviews of systematic reviews in healthcare published between 2000 and 2020: a bibliometric analysis","volume":"137","author":"Bougioukas","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0269009","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0269009","article-title":"Methodological approaches for assessing certainty of the evidence in umbrella reviews: A scoping review","volume":"17","author":"Sadoyu","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e070849","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2022-070849","article-title":"Reporting guideline for overviews of reviews of healthcare interventions: development of the PRIOR statement","volume":"378","author":"Gates","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"B17","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-5.","author":"American","year":"2013"},{"key":"B18","unstructured":"Classification of diseases (ICD)2020"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"j4008","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j4008","article-title":"AMSTAR 2: a critical appraisal tool for systematic reviews that include randomised or non-randomised studies of healthcare interventions, or both","volume":"358","author":"Shea","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1097\/XEB.0000000000000055","article-title":"Summarizing systematic reviews: methodological development, conduct and reporting of an umbrella review approach","volume":"13","author":"Aromataris","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Evid Based Healthc."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894546","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.894546","article-title":"Cerebral palsy and developmental intellectual disability in children younger than 5 years: Findings from the GBD-WHO Rehabilitation Database 2019","volume":"10","author":"Olusanya","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Public Health."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30925-9","article-title":"Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"396","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1136\/ebmental-2021-300277","article-title":"Prevalence of childhood mental disorders in high-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis to inform policymaking","volume":"25","author":"Barican","year":"2022","journal-title":"Evid Based Ment Health."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-022-01310-w","article-title":"The global prevalence of autism spectrum disorder: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"48","author":"Salari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ital J Pediatr."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963102","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.963102","article-title":"Global prevalence of autism spectrum disorder and its gastrointestinal symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1007\/s40474-016-0085-7","article-title":"Systematic review of the prevalence and incidence of intellectual disabilities: Current trends and issues","volume":"3","author":"McKenzie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Dev Disord Rep."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003509","article-title":"Prevalence and incidence of epilepsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of international studies","volume":"88","author":"Fiest","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2019.01.010","article-title":"Prevalence of childhood hearing loss and secular trends: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acad Pediatr."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12020240","article-title":"Prevalence of developmental dyslexia in primary school children: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.21037\/tp-22-78","article-title":"Risk factors of cerebral palsy in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl Pediatr."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002615","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002615","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental disorders in children aged 2-9 years: Population-based burden estimates across five regions in India","volume":"15","author":"Arora","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1159\/000355533","article-title":"The role of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of incidence and prevalence studies in neuroepidemiology","volume":"42","author":"Fiest","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1057\/978-1-137-54984-6_21","article-title":"Global health estimates: Modelling and predicting health outcomes","volume-title":"The Palgrave Handbook of Global Health Data Methods for Policy and Practice","author":"Mathers","year":"2019"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12950","article-title":"Public health indicators for cerebral palsy: A European collaborative study of the Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe network","author":"Arnaud","year":"2022","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-198905000-00004","article-title":"Educational interventions in learning disabilities","volume":"28","author":"Lerner","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1122009\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]],"date-time":"2023-02-20T09:42:33Z","timestamp":1676886153000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1122009\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1122009"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1122009","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]]},"article-number":"1122009"}}