{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:36:18Z","timestamp":1792805778943,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]],"date-time":"2023-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of interventions to control myopia progression. In this systematic review, the primary outcomes were mean differences (MD) between treatment and control groups in myopia progression (D) and axial length (AL) elongation (mm).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The following interventions were found to be effective (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001): highly aspherical lenslets (HAL, 0.80 D, 95% CI, 0.77\u20130.83; \u22120.35\u2009mm, 95% CI \u22120.36 to \u22120.34), MiSight contact lenses (0.66 D, 95% CI, 0.63\u20130.69; \u22120.28\u2009mm, 95% CI \u22120.29 to \u22120.27), low dose atropine 0.05% (0.54 D, 95% CI, 0.38\u20130.70; \u22120.21\u2009mm, 95% CI-0.28 to \u22120.14), Biofinity +2.50 D (0.45 D, 95% CI, 0.29, 0.61; \u22120.24\u2009mm, 95% CI \u22120.33 to \u22120.15), defocus incorporated multiple segments [DIMS] (0.44 D, 95% CI, 0.42\u20130.46; \u22120.34\u2009mm, 95% CI \u22120.35 to \u22120.33) and ortho-k lenses (\u22120.24\u2009mm, 95% CI \u22120.33 to \u221201.5).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Low-dose atropine 0.01% was not effective in reducing AL progression in two studies. Treatment efficacy with low-dose atropine of 0.05% showed good efficacy. Spectacles (HAL and DIMS) and contact lenses (MiSight and Biofinity) may confer a comparable treatment benefit compared to atropine, to slow myopia progression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1125000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]],"date-time":"2023-03-23T06:51:16Z","timestamp":1679554276000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Effectiveness of myopia control interventions: A systematic review of 12 randomized control trials published between 2019 and 2021"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Carla","family":"Lanca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi Pui","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrzej","family":"Grzybowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-019-1220-0","article-title":"A review on the epidemiology of myopia in school children worldwide","volume":"20","author":"Grzybowski","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"k2022","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k2022","article-title":"Education and myopia: assessing the direction of causality by mendelian randomisation","volume":"361","author":"Mountjoy","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.61.11.7","article-title":"Effect of education on myopia: evidence from the United Kingdom ROSLA 1972 reform","volume":"61","author":"Plotnikov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e430","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14980","article-title":"Associations of near work time, watching TV, outdoors time, and parents\u2019 myopia with myopia among school children based on 38-year-old historical data","volume":"100","author":"P\u00e4rssinen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2021.04.032","article-title":"The risks and benefits of myopia control","volume":"128","author":"Bullimore","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.05.020","article-title":"Impact of vision impairment and ocular morbidity and their treatment on depression and anxiety in children: a systematic review","volume":"129","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4274572","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/4274572","article-title":"Efficacy and adverse effects of atropine for myopia control in children: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"2021","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889243","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.889243","article-title":"Myopia control with multifocal lens in school-aged children: a meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2022.05.005","article-title":"Efficacy of atropine, orthokeratology, and combined atropine with orthokeratology for childhood myopia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"121","author":"Tsai","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"2888","article-title":"Myopia control with spectacle lenses with aspherical lenslets: a 2-year randomized clinical trial","volume":"62","author":"Bao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol. 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