{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,3]],"date-time":"2025-08-03T23:00:43Z","timestamp":1754262043773,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]],"date-time":"2023-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use among adolescents has become increasingly common; therefore, effectively reducing adolescent e-cigarette use is an urgent issue. We aimed to predict and identify potential factors related to adolescent e-cigarette use behaviors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cross-sectional study was conducted using anonymous questionnaires given to Taiwanese high school students in 2020. Approximately 1,289 adolescent students completed questions on e-cigarette use, personal characteristics, family environment, and substances used. We performed multivariate logistic regression analyses to assess the model\u2019s predictive performance in terms of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found that 9.3% of adolescent students used e-cigarettes. Tobacco smoking, close friends\u2019 reactions to e-cigarette use, and the use of other substances were independent risk factors for adolescent e-cigarette use. Furthermore, relative to tobacco nonuse, tobacco use and tobacco smoking dependence had odds ratios of 76.49 and 113.81, respectively. The predictive accuracy of adolescent e-cigarette use from personal characteristics, family environment, and substance use status was 73.13, 75.91, and 93.80%, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study highlights the need for early prevention of e-cigarette use among adolescents, particularly those with a history of using tobacco and other substances and those who have close friends with positive attitudes towards e-cigarette use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1140615","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]],"date-time":"2023-06-15T05:58:45Z","timestamp":1686808725000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Prediction and potential risk factors for electronic cigarette use behaviors among adolescents: a pilot study in Chiayi, Taiwan"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Ping-I","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming-Nan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pei-Shan","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jui-Hsiu","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ya-Hui","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ke-Fei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hung-Yi","family":"Chuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-6405.12777","article-title":"Prevalence of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use among youth globally: a systematic review and meta-analysis of country level data","volume":"42","author":"Yoong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Public Health"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12659","article-title":"Electronic cigarettes: review of use, content, safety, effects on smokers and potential for harm and benefit","volume":"109","author":"Hajek","year":"2014","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2016.09.011","article-title":"Reasons for current E-cigarette use among US adults","volume":"93","author":"Patel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e119","DOI":"10.1002\/hpm.2440","article-title":"A study of regulatory policies and relevant issues concerning electronic cigarette use in Taiwan","volume":"33","author":"Jiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Health Plann Manage"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511571138.002","article-title":"New Perspectives on Adolescent Risk Behavior","volume-title":"New perspectives on adolescent risk behavior","author":"Jessor","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1037\/12067-005","article-title":"Affect regulation and substance use: a developmental perspective","volume-title":"Substance Use and Emotion","author":"Colder","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2013-051122","article-title":"Electronic nicotine delivery system (electronic cigarette) awareness, use, reactions and beliefs: a systematic review","volume":"23","author":"Pepper","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tob Control"},{"volume-title":"Taiwan Tobacco Control Annual Report 2018","year":"2018","key":"ref8"},{"year":"2018","key":"ref9"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1177\/1010539518773479","article-title":"Juggling two balls-smoking (re) normalization and harm reduction: e-cigarettes-facts and misconceptions in Taiwan","volume":"30","author":"Gao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Public Health"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2013.5488","article-title":"Electronic cigarettes and conventional cigarette use among us adolescents: a cross-sectional study","volume":"168","author":"Dutra","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2013.11.003","article-title":"Electronic cigarette use among Korean adolescents: a cross-sectional study of market penetration, dual use, and relationship to quit attempts and former smoking","volume":"54","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-0639","article-title":"Psychosocial factors associated with adolescent electronic cigarette and cigarette use","volume":"136","author":"Barrington-Trimis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2015.01.022","article-title":"Tripling use of electronic cigarettes among New Zealand adolescents between 2012 and 2014","volume":"56","author":"White","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e264","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2013-051512","article-title":"Awareness and determinants of electronic cigarette use among Finnish adolescents in 2013: a population-based study","volume":"24","author":"Kinnunen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tob Control"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2015.05.034","article-title":"Reasons to use e-cigarettes and associations with other substances among adolescents in Switzerland","volume":"153","author":"Sur\u00eds","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntu243","article-title":"E-cigarette use among high school and middle school adolescents in Connecticut","volume":"17","author":"Krishnan-Sarin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-1713-6","article-title":"Use of electronic cigarettes among Romanian university students: a cross-sectional study","volume":"15","author":"Lotrean","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.03.006","article-title":"Risk factors for e-cig\narette, conventional cigarette, and dual use in German adolescents: a cohort study","volume":"74","author":"Hanewinkel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.08.636","article-title":"E-cigarettes, conventional cigarettes, and dual use in Korean adolescents and university students: prevalence and risk factors","volume":"168","author":"Jeon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph13111114","article-title":"Changes in electronic cigarette use from 2013 to 2015 and reasons for use among Finnish adolescents","volume":"13","author":"Kinnunen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2017.01.002","article-title":"Factors associated with electronic cigarette use among current cigarette-smoking adolescents in the Republic of Korea","volume":"69","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2017.1488","article-title":"Association between initial use of e-cigarettes and subsequent cigarette smoking among adolescents and young adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"171","author":"Soneji","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/nty003","article-title":"Dual use of e-cigarettes and traditional cigarettes among adolescents in Taiwan, 2014\u20132016","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16071145","article-title":"Electronic cigarette use and smoking initiation in Taiwan: evidence from the first prospective study in Asia","volume":"16","author":"Chien","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7391587","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/7391587","article-title":"Comparing the characteristics of cigarette smoking and e-cigarette and IQOS use among adolescents in Taiwan","volume":"2020","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Environ Public Health"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e014263","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-014263","article-title":"Elucidating challenges that electronic cigarettes pose to tobacco control in Asia: a population-based national survey in Taiwan","volume":"7","author":"Chang","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20170300","article-title":"E-cigarette use in a country with prevalent tobacco smoking: a population-based study in Taiwan","volume":"29","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2019-055310","article-title":"Are e-cigarettes reviving the popularity of conventional smoking among Taiwanese male adolescents? A time-trend population-based analysis for 2004-2017","volume":"30","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Tob Control"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01879.x","article-title":"The Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence: a revision of the Fagerstrom tolerance questionnaire","volume":"86","author":"Heatherton","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br J Addict"},{"year":"2010","key":"ref31"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3197","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16173197","article-title":"Conventional cigarette and E-cigarette smoking among school personnel in Shanghai, China: prevalence and determinants","volume":"16","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-2719-4","article-title":"Electronic cigarette use among adolescents: across-sectional study in Hong Kong","volume":"16","author":"Jiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.18332\/tid\/105393","article-title":"Electronic cigarette use in China: awareness, prevalence and regulation","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tob Induc Dis"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e43","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-0760","article-title":"Risk factors for exclusive e-cigarette use and dual e-cigarette and tobacco use in adolescents","volume":"135","author":"Wills","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"1","article-title":"Usages d\u2019alccol, de tabac et de cannabis chez les adolescents du secondaie en 2018","volume":"132","author":"Spilka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tendances"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e879","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-3448","article-title":"Electronic cigarette use among teenagers and young adults in Poland","volume":"130","author":"Goniewicz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.4236\/ojrd.2013.31004","article-title":"E-cigarette: a new tobacco product for schoolchildren in Paris","volume":"3","author":"Dautzenberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Open J Respir Dis"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2014.06.016","article-title":"Alternato tobacco product and drug use among adolescents who use electronic cigarettes, cigarettes only, and never smoker","volume":"55","author":"Camenga","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2013.12.010","article-title":"\u201cSmoking revolution\u201d a content analysis of electronic cigarette retail website","volume":"46","author":"Grana","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1140615\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]],"date-time":"2023-06-15T05:58:50Z","timestamp":1686808730000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1140615\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1140615"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1140615","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2296-2565"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]]},"article-number":"1140615"}}