{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T13:53:20Z","timestamp":1784296400971,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]],"date-time":"2023-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>It has been shown that people with type 2 diabetes have a higher risk of synovitis and tenosynovitis, but previous studies were mainly observational, which may be biased and does not allow for a cause-and-effect relationship. Therefore, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to investigate the causal relationship.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>We obtained data on \u201ctype 2 diabetes\u201d and \u201csynovitis, tenosynovitis\u201d from published large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The data were obtained from the FinnGen consortium and UK Biobank, both from European population samples. We used three methods to perform a two-sample MR analysis and also performed sensitivity analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results of all three MR methods we used for the analysis illustrated that T2DM increases the risk factor for the development of synovitis and tenosynovitis. Specifically, for the IVW method as the primary analysis outcome, OR = 1.0015 (95% CI, 1.0005 to 1.0026), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.0047; for the MR Egger method as the supplementary analysis outcome, OR = 1.0032 (95% CI, 1.0007 to 1.0056), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.0161; for the weighted median method, OR = 1.0022 (95% CI, 1.0008 to 1.0037), <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.0018. In addition, the results of our sensitivity analysis suggest the absence of heterogeneity and pleiotropy in our MR analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In conclusion, the results of our MR analysis suggest that T2DM is an independent risk factor for increased synovitis and tenosynovitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1142416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]],"date-time":"2023-05-04T04:16:06Z","timestamp":1683173766000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Type 2 diabetes and the risk of synovitis-tenosynovitis: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jiale","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caiju","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qionghan","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yehai","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20535","article-title":"Prevalence and impact of musculoskeletal disorders of the upper limb in the general population","volume":"51","author":"Walker-Bone","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.1006","article-title":"A prospective study of computer users: I. 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