{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T21:12:07Z","timestamp":1776978727899,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,4]],"date-time":"2023-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study examined whether the association between sarcopenia severity and cognitive function differed according to sex and age in community-dwelling older adults in Japan.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a cross-sectional study of older adults (age \u2265 65 years) consisting of five regional cohorts integrated as the Integrated Research Initiative for Living Well with Dementia (IRIDE) Cohort Study. Sarcopenia severity was determined based on the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019, which assessed grip strength, walking speed, and skeletal muscle mass index. Poor cognitive function was defined as a Mini-Mental State Examination score of \u2264 23. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for poor cognitive function were calculated by sex and age group (65\u201374 and \u226575 years) using binomial logistic regression models, which were adjusted for age, educational attainment, history of non-communicable diseases, smoking and drinking habits, living alone, frequency of going outdoors, exercise habits, and depressive symptom.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 8,180 participants, 6,426 (1,157 men aged 65\u201374 and 1,063 men aged 75 or older; 2,281 women aged 65\u201374 and 1,925 women aged 75 or older) were analyzed. The prevalence ratio of sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia were 309 (13.9%) and 92 (4.1%) among men and 559 (13.3%) and 166 (3.7%) among women, respectively. A total of 127 (5.8%) men and 161 (3.9%) women had a poor cognitive function. Setting non-sarcopenia as a reference, the adjusted ORs (95% CI) of poor cognitive function were 2.20 (1.54, 3.15) for sarcopenia and 3.56 (2.20, 5.71) for severe sarcopenia. A similar trend was observed in analyses stratified by sex and age, with linear associations (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> for trend &amp;lt;0.05) in both categories. Furthermore, there was a significant interaction (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05) between sex and sarcopenia severity, indicating a stronger linear association of sarcopenia severity with poor cognitive function in women compared with men.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sarcopenia severity was linearly associated with poor cognitive function in adults aged \u2265 65 years, with a stronger association in women compared with men.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1148404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,4]],"date-time":"2023-04-04T05:27:18Z","timestamp":1680586038000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Age- and sex-specific associations between sarcopenia severity and poor cognitive function among community-dwelling older adults in Japan: The IRIDE Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Takahisa","family":"Ohta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Sasai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yosuke","family":"Osuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Narumi","family":"Kojima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takumi","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mari","family":"Yamashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuichi P.","family":"Obuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatsuro","family":"Ishizaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshinori","family":"Fujiwara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuichi","family":"Awata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Toba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"IRIDE Cohort Study Investigators","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","unstructured":"Dementia"},{"key":"B2","unstructured":"2017"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12190","article-title":"Mild cognitive impairment: A concept in evolution","volume":"275","author":"Petersen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Intern Med."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7807856","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/7807856","article-title":"Potential benefits of physical activity in MCI and dementia","volume":"2020","author":"Nuzum","year":"2020","journal-title":"Behav Neurol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2019.01.003","article-title":"Exploring the relationship between physical activity, beta-amyloid and tau: A narrative review","volume":"50","author":"Brown","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-019-0174-x","article-title":"Physical activity and muscle\u2013brain crosstalk","volume":"15","author":"Pedersen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2021.101266","article-title":"The association of objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behavior with skeletal muscle strength and muscle power in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"67","author":"Ramsey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2019.12.014","article-title":"Sarcopenia and cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"39","author":"Peng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Nutr."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-019-1188-8","article-title":"Sarcopenia is associated with cognitive impairment in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Cabett Cipolli","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s41999-022-00661-1","article-title":"Association between sarcopenia and cognitive impairment in the older people: A meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Geriatr Med."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2019.12.012","article-title":"Asian working group for sarcopenia : 2019 consensus update on sarcopenia diagnosis and treatment","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2019.01.002","article-title":"Neuroinflammation in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: A meta-analysis","volume":"50","author":"Bradburn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2199","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12830","article-title":"Skeletal muscle atrophy-induced hemopexin accelerates onset of cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"12","author":"Nagase","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.14360","article-title":"Simple screening models for cognitive impairment in community settings: The IRIDE Cohort Study","volume":"22","author":"Abe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.11236\/JPH.60.9_596","article-title":"A 10-year community intervention for disability prevention and its effect on healthy aging in Kusatsu town","volume":"60","author":"Shoji","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20120015","article-title":"The hatoyama cohort study: Design and profile of participants at baseline","volume":"22","author":"Murayama","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Epidemiol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142645","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0142645","article-title":"Change in N-glycosylation of plasma proteins in Japanese semisupercentenarians","volume":"10","author":"Miura","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.11236\/JPH.64.1_3","article-title":"Physical and psychological characteristics of the community-dwelling elderly with heart disease","volume":"64","author":"Kera","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212646","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0212646","article-title":"Characteristics for gait parameters of community-dwelling elderly Japanese with lower cognitive function","volume":"14","author":"Taniguchi","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6","article-title":"\u201cMini-mental state\u201d. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician","volume":"12","author":"Folstein","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.17010","article-title":"MMSE cutoff discriminates hippocampal atrophy: Neural evidence for the cutoff of 24 points","volume":"69","author":"Sakurai","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/26.3.217","article-title":"Screening for depression among acutely ill geriatric inpatients with a short geriatric depression scale","volume":"26","author":"Shah","year":"1997","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-018-1110-9","article-title":"Associations of skeletal muscle mass, lower-extremity functioning, and cognitive impairment in community-dwelling older people in Japan","volume":"23","author":"Ishii","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnaa016","article-title":"Muscle\u2013organ crosstalk: The emerging roles of myokines","volume":"41","author":"Severinsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocr Rev."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnaa024","article-title":"Muscle-organ crosstalk: the emerging roles of myokines","volume":"42","author":"Severinsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocr Rev."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096587","article-title":"Exercise interventions for cognitive function in adults older than 50: A systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"Northey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2602","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.16719","article-title":"Relationship between fear of falling, fear-related activity restriction, frailty, and sarcopenia","volume":"68","author":"Merchant","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(20)30118-2","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes and cognitive dysfunction\u2014Towards effective management of both comorbidities","volume":"8","author":"Srikanth","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.0169","article-title":"Sex differences in cognitive decline among US adults","volume":"4","author":"Levine","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc Netw Open."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.12.004","article-title":"A meta-analysis of sex differences in human brain structure","volume":"39","author":"Ruigrok","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-70178-3_9","article-title":"Sex differences in muscle wasting","volume":"9","author":"Anderson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2020.100879","article-title":"Sex and gender differences in cognitive and brain reserve: Implications for Alzheimer's disease in women","volume":"60","author":"Subramaniapillai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-011-0340-x","article-title":"Sex differences in the association between muscle quality, inflammatory markers, and cognitive decline","volume":"15","author":"Canon","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12804","article-title":"Oxidative stress and inflammation are associated with physical frailty in patients with Alzheimer's disease","volume":"17","author":"Namioka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-14-85","article-title":"A systematic review of the evidence that brain structure is related to muscle structure and their relationship to brain and m","volume":"14","author":"Kilgour","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12832","article-title":"Associations between inflammatory markers, body composition, and physical function: the Copenhagen Sarcopenia Study","volume":"12","author":"Kamper","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2016.09.019","article-title":"Timed Up and Go test, atrophy of medial temporal areas and cognitive functions in community-dwelling older adults with normal cognition and mild cognitive impairment","volume":"85","author":"Kose","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1148404\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,4]],"date-time":"2023-04-04T17:31:37Z","timestamp":1680629497000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1148404\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,4]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1148404"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1148404","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,4]]},"article-number":"1148404"}}