{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T04:51:12Z","timestamp":1775710272989,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]],"date-time":"2023-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686528000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["005318"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["005318"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Innovative vaccine products will be critical in helping to address the existing implementation barriers that have prevented the achievement of the measles and rubella (MR) vaccine coverage targets. Overcoming those barriers will be necessary to achieve the \u201cImmunization Agenda 2030\u201d goals. Microarray patches (MAPs), an innovative needle-free delivery device currently in clinical development, can be a potential game changer in this respect and contribute to the equitable delivery of vaccines in low- and middle-income countries and pandemic preparedness and response. Developing in-depth knowledge of the most desired and impactful uses of MRMAPs can prove critical to identifying the critical attributes of the target product profile, informing policy and adoption decisions, and helping to evaluate the potential public health and economic value of this technology. The first step in this process is the definition of the potential use cases for MR-MAPs, i.e., where and how this product is most likely to be used within the immunization programme.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>By applying a design-based user-centric approach, we implemented a three-step process, including a desk review, a survey, and interviews, to define the most relevant use cases for MR MAPS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Six use cases have been identified as relevant across all different countries and immunization programme designs and validated by experts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The identified use cases have already informed the demand estimate for MR-MAPs and provided the foundation for developing an initial full vaccine value assessment. We believe that, in the future, they will be highly valuable in ensuring that the roll-out of this promising innovation is designed in a way that maximizes the impact, particularly in populations and countries that are most in need.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1165110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]],"date-time":"2023-06-12T04:40:45Z","timestamp":1686544845000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Exploring potential applications of measles and rubella microarray patches (MR-MAPs): use case identification"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Stefano","family":"Malvolti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marion","family":"Menozzi-Arnaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carsten","family":"Mantel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Courtney","family":"Jarrahian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean-Pierre","family":"Amorij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Birgitte","family":"Giersing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mateusz","family":"Hasso-Agopsowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e420","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30307-9","article-title":"The basic reproduction number (R0) of measles: a systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Guerra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis."},{"key":"B2","unstructured":"2020"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7023a1","article-title":"Progress toward rubella elimination - world health organization European region, 2005-2019","volume":"70","author":"O'Connor","year":"2021","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9020084","article-title":"The impact of rubella vaccine introduction on rubella infection and congenital rubella syndrome: a systematic review of mathematical modelling studies","volume":"9","author":"Motaze","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccines."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01337-4","article-title":"Estimating global and regional disruptions to routine childhood vaccine coverage during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020: a modelling study","volume":"398","author":"Causey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B6","unstructured":"2022"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7147a1","article-title":"Progress toward regional measles elimination - worldwide, 2000-2021","volume":"71","author":"Minta","year":"2022","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep."},{"key":"B8","unstructured":"2020"},{"key":"B9","year":"2020","journal-title":"Measles and Rubella Strategic Framework 2021\u20132030"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1412","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(22)00335-7","article-title":"Feasibility of measles and rubella vaccination programmes for disease elimination: a modelling study","volume":"10","author":"Winter","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health."},{"key":"B11","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vaccine Microarray patches (MAPs): Public Summary of the VIPS Alliance Action Plan."},{"key":"B12","first-page":"561","article-title":"Meeting of the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization, October 2016: conclusions and recommendations","volume":"91","year":"2016","journal-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809675","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.809675","article-title":"Accelerating the development of measles and rubella microarray patches to eliminate measles and rubella: recent progress, remaining challenges","volume":"10","author":"Hasso-Agopsowicz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Public Health."},{"key":"B14","volume-title":"Measles-Rubella Microarray Patch (MR\u2013MAP) Target Product Profile","year":"2020"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1037157","article-title":"Estimating the future global dose demand for measles-rubella microarray patches","author":"Ko","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. 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