{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T11:33:12Z","timestamp":1790163192097,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]],"date-time":"2023-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000193","name":"International Development Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000193","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pyrethroids are extensively used to control adult populations of the arboviral vector <jats:italic>Aedes aegypti<\/jats:italic>, raising concerns regarding the increasing frequency and distribution of insecticide resistance mutations (kdr: knock-down resistance) in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene (<jats:italic>Nav<\/jats:italic>). The widespread use of pyrethroids imposes a threat to the success of mosquito control and the environment. In this study, we investigated the presence of two kdr mutations (V1016I and F1534C) in the <jats:italic>Nav<\/jats:italic> gene and their distribution across four neighborhoods in Posadas, Argentina, with different <jats:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/jats:italic> abundance and contrasting socioeconomic status (SES). Alleles at each locus were interrogated using TaqMan SNP genotyping assays in DNA extracted from adult females collected in a longitudinal study. We report the presence of both pyrethroid resistance alleles (kdr 1016I = 29.08%; kdr 1534C = 70.70%) among adult females. The frequency of combined kdr genotypes reveals that approximately 70% of local adult females have enhanced resistance to pyrethroids. Both, the proportion of resistant adult females (with at least one kdr allele in each locus) and <jats:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/jats:italic> abundance showed an uneven distribution between neighborhoods with different SES (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001). In high-SES neighborhoods, we found more mosquitoes and a higher frequency of pyrethroid resistance, possibly as a consequence of different public health interventions, social habits, and insecticide use. This is the first report of kdr mutations in <jats:italic>Ae. Aegypti<\/jats:italic> in the northeast region of Argentina. Our results focus on the need for within-population (city) distribution analyses of kdr mutations and highlight the relevance of incorporating insecticide resistance monitoring within the Integrated Vector Management initiative.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1166007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]],"date-time":"2023-04-27T14:38:30Z","timestamp":1682606310000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Pyrethroid genetic resistance in the dengue vector (Aedes aegypti) in Posadas, Argentina"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jessica V.","family":"Fay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia L.","family":"Espinola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda 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