{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T23:18:53Z","timestamp":1793661533218,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]],"date-time":"2023-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686873600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Frailty increases adverse clinical outcomes in older patients with cardio-cerebral vascular disease (CCVD). The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of frailty and pre-frailty in older adults with CCVD in China and the factors associated with it.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Research design and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this cross-sectional study, we used data from the fourth Sample Survey of Aged Population in Urban and Rural China. We used the frailty index for frailty and pre-frailty assessment, and the diagnosis of CCVD in older adults was self-reported.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 53,668 older patients with CCVD were enrolled in the study. The age-standardized prevalence of frailty and pre-frailty in older patients with CCVD was 22.6% (95% CI 22.3\u201323.0%) and 60.1% (95% CI 59.7\u201360.5%). Multinomial logistic regression analyses showed that being female, increasing age, rural residence, illiteracy, widowhood, ethnic minority, living alone, no health screening during the last year, hospitalization during the last year, difficult financial status, comorbid chronic conditions, and disability in activities of daily living were associated with frailty and pre-frailty in older patients with CCVD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>CCVD is strongly associated with frailty and pre-frailty in older Chinese people, and assessment of frailty should become routine in the management of older CCVD patients. Appropriate public health prevention strategies should be developed based on identified risk factors for frailty in older CCVD patients, which can help prevent, ameliorate or reverse the development of frailty in CCVD in the older population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1168792","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]],"date-time":"2023-06-16T04:41:31Z","timestamp":1686890491000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Prevalence of frailty and pre-frailty and related factors in older adults with cardio-cerebral vascular disease in China: a national cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Xue-zhai","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling-bing","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying-ying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xing","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia-bin","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian-yi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Di-shan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiu-xia","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"De-ping","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1672-5301.2022.07.001","article-title":"Key points of report on cardiovascular health and diseases in China 2021","volume":"20","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin J Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31786-6","article-title":"Frailty: implications for clinical practice and public health","volume":"394","author":"Hoogendijk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2019.04.005","article-title":"Age-related deficit accumulation and the diseases of ageing","volume":"180","author":"Rockwood","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mech Ageing Dev"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)62167-9","article-title":"Frailty in elderly people","volume":"381","author":"Clegg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"M146","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/56.3.M146","article-title":"Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype","volume":"56","author":"Fried","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2012.04054.x","article-title":"Prevalence of frailty in community-dwelling older persons: a systematic review","volume":"60","author":"Collard","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2020.03.008","article-title":"The association between frailty and healthcare expenditure among Chinese older adults","volume":"21","author":"Jin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afz088","article-title":"The impact of frailty on healthcare resource use: a longitudinal analysis using the clinical practice research Datalink in England","volume":"48","author":"Han","year":"2019","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2009.01.375","article-title":"Role of frailty in patients with cardiovascular disease","volume":"103","author":"Afilalo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.09.070","article-title":"Frailty assessment in the cardiovascular care of older adults","volume":"63","author":"Afilalo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029","article-title":"Interventions for frailty among older adults with cardiovascular disease: JACC state-of-the-art review","volume":"79","author":"Ijaz","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2234","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19042234","article-title":"Frailty syndrome in older adults with cardiovascular diseases-what do we know and what requires further research?","volume":"19","author":"Wleklik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7782","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-35037-3","article-title":"Importance analysis of psychosociological variables in frailty syndrome in heart failure patients using machine learning approach","volume":"13","author":"Pasieczna","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5603\/CJ.a2023.0027","article-title":"A patient with heart failure, who is frail: how does this affect therapeutic decisions?","author":"Wleklik","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cardiol J"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.996190","article-title":"A study on the prevalence and related factors of frailty and pre-frailty in the older population with diabetes in China: a national cross-sectional study","volume":"10","author":"Zeng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979015","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.979015","article-title":"Self-reported prevalence and potential factors influencing cardio-cerebral vascular disease among the Chinese elderly: a national cross-sectional study","volume":"9","author":"Meng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"ref18","volume-title":"Survey report on the living conditions of China's urban and rural older persons","author":"Dang","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-8-24","article-title":"A standard procedure for creating a frailty index","volume":"8","author":"Searle","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.08.034","article-title":"Mortality and years of life lost of cardiovascular diseases in China, 2005-2020: empirical evidence from national mortality surveillance system","volume":"340","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2013.07.068","article-title":"Frailty and heart disease","volume":"168","author":"von Haehling","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3856","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab468","article-title":"Frailty and cardiovascular outcomes in the National Health and aging trends study","volume":"42","author":"Damluji","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vph.2015.03.005","article-title":"The role of oxidative stress, antioxidants and vascular inflammation in cardiovascular disease (a review)","volume":"71","author":"Siti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7603\/s40681-015-0001-1","article-title":"Emerging roles of frailty and inflammaging in risk assessment of age-related chronic diseases in older adults: the intersection between aging biology and personalized medicine","volume":"5","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomedicine (Taipei)"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15214","article-title":"Prevalence of frailty and associated factors in the community-dwelling population of China","volume":"66","author":"Ma","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glx098","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of frailty among community-dwelling Chinese older adults: the China health and retirement longitudinal study","volume":"73","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-021-02745-2","article-title":"Associations of social isolation, social participation, and loneliness with frailty in older adults in Singapore: a panel data analysis","volume":"22","author":"Ge","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afz160","article-title":"Linking early life risk factors to frailty in old age: evidence from the China health and retirement longitudinal study","volume":"49","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e42","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(19)30226-9","article-title":"Social inequalities in multimorbidity, frailty, disability, and transitions to mortality: a 24-year follow-up of the Whitehall II cohort study","volume":"5","author":"Dugravot","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e323","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(18)30091-4","article-title":"Frailty and pre-frailty in middle-aged and older adults and its association with multimorbidity and mortality: a prospective analysis of 493 737 UK biobank participants","volume":"3","author":"Hanlon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1168792\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]],"date-time":"2023-06-16T04:41:47Z","timestamp":1686890507000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1168792\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1168792"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1168792","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]]},"article-number":"1168792"}}