{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T21:10:05Z","timestamp":1790802605871,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]],"date-time":"2023-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688083200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Exposure to air pollution has been linked to an increased risk of premature mortality. However, the acute effects of air pollution on the risk of non-accidental mortality have not been extensively researched in developing countries, and the findings thus far have been inconsistent. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the association between short-term exposure to six pollutants (PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>, PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>, SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>, and CO) and non-accidental mortality in Beijing, China.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Daily data on non-accidental deaths were gathered from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2018. Air pollution data for the same period were collected from 35 fixed-site air quality monitoring stations in Beijing. Generalized additive models (GAM) based on Poisson regression were used to investigate the association between non-accidental mortality in emergency department visits and the daily average levels of air pollutants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were 8,676 non-accidental deaths recorded during 2017\u20132018. After sensitivity analysis, short-term exposure to air pollutants, particularly gaseous pollutants, was linked to non-accidental mortality. Specifically, for every 10 \u03bcg\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> increase (5 \u03bcg\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> in SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, 0.5 mg\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> in CO) of SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (lag 04), NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (lag 04), O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> (lag 05), and CO (lag 04), the relative risk (RR) values were 1.054 (95% CI: 1.009, 1.100), 1.038 (95% CI: 1.013, 1.063), 1.032 (95% CI: 1.011, 1.054), and 1.034 (95% CI: 1.004, 1.066), respectively. In terms of causes of death, short-term exposure to NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, and O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> increased the risk of circulatory mortality. Further stratified analysis revealed that the stronger associations were presented in females for O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> while in males for CO. People aged 65 and over were strongly associated with ambient air pollution.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study showed that ambient air pollutants were associated with non-accidental mortality. Our findings suggested that efforts to control gaseous pollution should be stepped up, and vulnerable groups should be the focus of health protection education.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1208514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]],"date-time":"2023-06-30T18:42:18Z","timestamp":1688150538000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effect of short-term exposure to ambient air pollutants on non-accidental mortality in emergency department visits: a time-series 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