{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T06:43:23Z","timestamp":1783579403888,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]],"date-time":"2023-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The use of activity wristbands to monitor and promote schoolchildren's physical activity (PA) is increasingly widespread. However, their validity has not been sufficiently studied, especially among primary schoolchildren. Consequently, the main purpose was to examine the validity of the daily steps and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) scores estimated by the activity wristbands Fitbit Ace 2, Garmin Vivofit Jr 2, and the Xiaomi Mi Band 5 in primary schoolchildren under free-living conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>An initial sample of 67 schoolchildren (final sample = 62; 50% females), aged 9\u201312 years old (mean = 10.4 \u00b1 1.0 years), participated in the present study. Each participant wore three activity wristbands (Fitbit Ace 2, Garmin Vivofit Jr 2, and Xiaomi Mi Band 5) on his\/her non-dominant wrist and a research-grade accelerometer (ActiGraph wGT3X-BT) on his\/her hip as the reference standard (number of steps and time in MVPA) during the waking time of one day.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Results showed that the validity of the daily step scores estimated by the Garmin Vivofit Jr 2 and Xiaomi Mi Band 5 were good and acceptable (e.g., MAPE = 9.6\/11.3%, and lower 95% IC of ICC = 0.87\/0.73), respectively, as well as correctly classified schoolchildren as meeting or not meeting the daily 10,000\/12,000-step-based recommendations, obtaining excellent\/good and good\/acceptable results (e.g., Garmin Vivofit Jr 2<jats:italic>, k<\/jats:italic> = 0.75\/0.62; Xiaomi Mi Band 5, <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic> = 0.73\/0.53), respectively. However, the Fitbit Ace 2 did not show an acceptable validity (e.g., daily steps: MAPE = 21.1%, and lower 95% IC of ICC = 0.00; step-based recommendations: <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic> = 0.48\/0.36). None of the three activity wristbands showed an adequate validity for estimating daily MVPA (e.g., MAPE = 36.6\u201390.3%, and lower 95% IC of ICC = 0.00\u20130.41) and the validity for the MVPA-based recommendation tended to be considerably lower (e.g., <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic> = \u22120.03\u20130.54).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The activity wristband Garmin Vivofit Jr 2 obtained the best validity for monitoring primary schoolchildren's daily steps, offering a feasible alternative to the research-grade accelerometers. Furthermore, this activity wristband could be used during PA promotion programs to provide accurate feedback to primary schoolchildren to ensure their accomplishment with the PA recommendations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1211237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]],"date-time":"2023-07-24T10:10:43Z","timestamp":1690193443000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Validity of activity wristbands for estimating daily physical activity in primary schoolchildren under free-living conditions: School-Fit study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Mayorga-Vega","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Casado-Robles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santiago","family":"Guijarro-Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Viciana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","volume-title":"Guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour.","year":"2020"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S197","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2015-0663","article-title":"Systematic review of the relationships between objectively measured physical activity and health indicators in school-aged children and youth","volume":"41","author":"Poitras","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl Physiol Nutr Metab."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181d58a92","article-title":"Descriptive epidemiology of youth pedometer-determined physical activity: CANPLAY","volume":"42","author":"Craig","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1038\/nature23018","article-title":"Large-scale physical activity data reveal worldwide activity inequality","volume":"547","author":"Althof","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e11253","DOI":"10.2196\/11253","article-title":"Understanding youths' ability to interpret 3D-printed physical activity data and identify associated intensity levels: Mixed-methods study","volume":"21","author":"Crossley","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.20960\/nh.564","article-title":"Cut-off values for classifying active children and adolescents using the Physical Activity Questionnaire: PAQ-C and PAQ-A","volume":"33","author":"Ben\u00edtez-Porres","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutr Hosp."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.2014-0202","article-title":"Step-count guidelines for children and adolescents: A systematic review","volume":"12","author":"da Silva","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Phys Act Health."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(19)30323-2","article-title":"Global trends in insufficient physical activity among adolescents: A pooled analysis of 298 population-based surveys with 1.6 million participants","volume":"4","author":"Guthold","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(14)70221-9","article-title":"Risks and benefits of childhood physical activity","volume":"2","author":"Longmuir","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"B10","volume-title":"Global action plan on physical activity 2018-2030: More active people for a healthier world.","year":"2018"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-021-00407-6","article-title":"Effects of consumer-wearable activity tracker-based programs on objectively measured daily physical activity and sedentary behavior among school-aged children: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Casado-Robles","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sports Med Open."},{"key":"B12","unstructured":"Fitness trackers - Statistics & Facts.2021"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scispo.2021.05.007","article-title":"Activity wristband-based physical activity recommendations in young people","volume":"37","author":"Mayorga-Vega","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Sports."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.52082\/jssm.2022.356","article-title":"Are wrist-worn activity trackers and mobile applications valid for assessing physical activity in high school students? 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