{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T11:46:37Z","timestamp":1774525597384,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706659200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"Background<\/jats:title>Gender-based violence (GBV) is usually defined as unequal power relations between men and women, which poses a widespread public health problem. The study evaluated the prevalence and factors associated with GBV among female sex workers (FSWs) in Ethiopia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Method<\/jats:title>We used cross-sectional bio-behavioral data collected using respondent-driven sampling (RDS) in 2020 from 16 towns in Ethiopia. Descriptive statistics was analyzed to summarize the study population characteristics and prevalence of GBV, and a multilevel logistic regression model was applied to identify associated factors for GBV. A p<\/jats:italic>-value of \u22640.05 was used as a threshold for statistical significance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Result<\/jats:title>Of 6,085 participants, 28.1% had experienced GBV during the last 12\u2009months, among which 12.7% and 22.3% experienced physical and sexual violence, respectively. FSWs aged 15\u201324, and 25\u201334 than those 35\u2009years or more, had a non-paying than paying partners, had 31\u201360, 61\u201390, and over 91 than those had less than 30 paying partners, ever had anal sex than those not, condom failure than those not, mobile female sex workers when compared with those not mobile at different town; 3\u20135 and\u2009\u2265\u20096\u2009years than those less than 3\u2009years stayed in selling sex, street-based, and multiple places selling sex than those used other venues were significantly associated with GBV.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>Gender-based violence is a substantial problem among FSWs in Ethiopia, with significant implications for program planning on prevention and response to mitigate the occurrence and impact of GBV among FSWs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1213725","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T04:46:02Z","timestamp":1706676362000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Gender-based violence and associated factors among female sex workers in Ethiopia. Evidence from The National Bio-behavioral Survey, 2020"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Lemessa","family":"Debel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jemal","family":"Ayalew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saro","family":"Abdella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaleta","family":"Bulti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Birra","family":"Bejiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fayiso Bati","family":"Wariso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wudinesh","family":"Belete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abebe","family":"Habtesilase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silesh","family":"Lulseged","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000042","article-title":"HIV infection among female sex workers in concentrated and high prevalence epidemics: why a structural determinants framework is needed","volume":"9","author":"Shannon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Opin HIV AIDS"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e42","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2014.301909","article-title":"A systematic review of the correlates of violence against sex workers","volume":"104","author":"Deering","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"ref4","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801218778384","article-title":"Alcohol use and experiences of partner violence among female sex Workers in Coastal Andhra Pradesh, India","volume":"25","author":"Heylen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Violence Against Women"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1177\/10778012211008992","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of sexual violence experienced by female sex Workers in Iran: results from a national HIV bio-behavioral surveillance survey","volume":"28","author":"Hosseini-Hooshyar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Violence Against Women"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s12914-019-0187-5","article-title":"Experiences of gender-based violence among female sex workers, men who have sex with men, and transgender women in Latin America and the Caribbean: a qualitative study to inform HIV programming","volume":"19","author":"Evens","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Int Health Hum Rights"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-357","article-title":"Experience of violence and adverse reproductive health outcomes, HIV risks among mobile female sex workers in India","volume":"11","author":"Swain","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-6673-9","article-title":"What determines violence among female sex workers in an intimate partner relationship? 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