{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T03:03:31Z","timestamp":1777086211023,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]],"date-time":"2023-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698192000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>In correctional facilities, due to the high incidence of bacterial infections, antibiotics are widely prescribed. As a result, it may occur a massive and improper use of antibiotics, which promotes the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. However, in literature, specific experiences, interventions or guidelines aimed to optimize their prescription within prisons are sporadic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>In an Italian hospital where belong patients from four penitentiary institutions, a multidisciplinary team has implemented an antimicrobial stewardship project. The aim of the project was to reduce the incidence of antibiotic resistance in penitentiary institutions by optimizing and rationalizing antibiotic prescribing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Following the analysis of microbiological prevalence and antibiotic consumption data within correctional facilities, the Antimicrobial Stewardship Team developed operational tools to support prison healthcare staff to manage properly antibiotic therapies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The analysis showed a gradual increase in antibiotic resistance: in 2021 the prevalence of resistant microorganisms was 1.75%, four times higher than in 2019. In contrast, between 2019 and 2021, antibiotic consumption decreased by 24%. Based on consumption data, pharmacy has drafted an antibiotic formulary for correctional facilities, supplemented with guidelines and data sheets, and also developed a prescription form for critical antibiotics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Results showed an increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance within prisons, highlighting the need to establish a dedicated antimicrobial stewardship program. This project may impact positively not only on prisoners, but also for the entire community, as prisons can be considered as places of health education and promotion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1233522","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]],"date-time":"2023-10-26T02:22:44Z","timestamp":1698286964000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Planning and development of an antimicrobial stewardship program in penitentiary facilities: strategies to optimize therapeutic prescribing and reduce the incidence of antibiotic resistance"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Ludovica","family":"Mazzoleni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Zovi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cinzia","family":"D'Angelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Borsino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Cocco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raffella Carla","family":"Lombardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Ranieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30466-4","article-title":"Global burden of HIV, viral hepatitis, and tuberculosis in prisoners and detainees","volume":"388","author":"Dolan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1086\/521910","article-title":"Infection control in jails and prisons","volume":"45","author":"Bick","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"2142","article-title":"Blood born viral infections, sexually transmitted diseases and latent tuberculosis in Italian prisons: a preliminary report of a large multicenter study","volume":"16","author":"Sagnelli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S14459","DOI":"10.4137\/PMC.S14459","article-title":"Antibiotics and bacterial resistance in the 21st century","volume":"6","author":"Fair","year":"2014","journal-title":"Perspect Medicin Chem"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.37.3.377","article-title":"Discovery and development of new antibiotics: the problem of antibiotic resistance","volume":"37","author":"Silver","year":"1993","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2004.026922","article-title":"Rates of drug resistance and risk factor analysis in civilian and prison patients with tuberculosis in Samara region","volume":"60","author":"Ruddy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Russia Thorax"},{"key":"ref7","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref8","volume-title":"Piano Nazionale di Contrasto all\u2019Antibiotico-Resistenza (PNCAR) 2022\u20132025","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref9","volume-title":"Report on medicines use during COVID-19 epidemic year 2020","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"382","article-title":"Prevalence of skin infections in sheltered homeless","volume":"15","author":"Badiaga","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref11","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"73","article-title":"Infectious diseases in prison","author":"Todts","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-529","article-title":"Self-reported health status and access to health services in a sample of prisoners in Italy","volume":"11","author":"Nobile","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxx014","article-title":"Dynamic models of infectious disease transmission in prisons and the general population","volume":"40","author":"Ndeffo-Mbah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epidemiol Rev"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.92.11.1789","article-title":"The burden of infectious disease among inmates of and Releasees from US correctional facilities, 1997","volume":"92","author":"Hammett","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10111419","article-title":"Pattern and appropriateness of antimicrobial prescriptions for upper respiratory tract and dental infections in male prisoners in Italy","volume":"10","author":"Di Giuseppe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"52","article-title":"Study of the use of antibiotics in respiratory infections within the prison setting","volume":"7","author":"Saiz de la Hoya","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rev Esp Sanid Penit"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japh.2016.11.012","article-title":"Antimicrobial stewardship in the Federal Bureau of Prisons: approaches from the national and local levels","volume":"57","author":"Long","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Pharm Assoc"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1818","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkx048","article-title":"Antibiotic prescribing frequency amongst patients in primary care: a cohort study using electronic health records","volume":"72","author":"Shallcross","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-021-00917-2","article-title":"Antimicrobial stewardship, therapeutic drug monitoring and infection management in the ICU: results from the international A- TEAMICU survey","volume":"11","author":"Lanckohr","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2018.04.004","article-title":"Antimicrobial stewardship and antimicrobial resistance","volume":"102","author":"Rice","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Clin N Am"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15675","article-title":"Antimicrobial stewardship programs in Long-term care settings: a Meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"67","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2022.104423","article-title":"Neglecting antibiotic stewardship in prisons: a concern for antimicrobial resistance response","volume":"81","author":"Adebisi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Med Surgery"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s1678-9946202163053","article-title":"Influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence of tuberculosis and influenza","volume":"63","author":"Pavlovic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop S\u00e3o Paulo"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728768","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.728768","article-title":"Changes in incidence of notifiable infectious diseases in China under the prevention and control measures of COVID-19","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Public Health"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1233522\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]],"date-time":"2023-10-26T02:22:47Z","timestamp":1698286967000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1233522\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]]},"references-count":25,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1233522"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1233522","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]]},"article-number":"1233522"}}