{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T05:39:55Z","timestamp":1785908395341,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,10]],"date-time":"2023-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of HAI among COVID-19 patients ranged between 4.8% and 42.8% with the highest occurrence observed in critically ill patients. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical features of HAI in severe and critical COVID-19 patients, their microbiological characteristics, and the attributable risk factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is an analytical observational, retrospective single-center, cohort study that included 723 patients with severe-critical COVID-19 admitted to Saint George Hospital between September 2020 and February 2021. Data collection included demographic variables (sex, age), comorbidities, laboratory findings, HAI types and agents, COVID-19 treatment modalities, hospitalization settings, length of stay, and mortality rate. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of patients developing HAI was 7.3% (53 of 723). Five types of nosocomial bacterial infections were tracked noting ventilator-associated pneumonia (41.26%), catheter-associated urinary tract infection (28.6%), hospital-acquired pneumonia (17.44%), catheter-related bloodstream infection (6.35%), and bloodstream infection (6.35%). Binary logistic analysis showed that HAI are statistically affected by four factors noting patients' age (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.039), Length of Stay (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001), BIPAP (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.019), and mechanical ventilation (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001). The risk of having HAI increases 3.930 times in case of mechanical ventilation, 2.366 times in case of BIPAP, 1.148 times when the LOS increases 1 day, and 1.029 times when the age is higher with 1 year.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Since the prevalence of HAI is high among severe and critical COVID-19 patients, it is important to prepare a treatment with diagnostic, preventative, and control measures for this infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1235636","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,10]],"date-time":"2023-08-10T23:02:52Z","timestamp":1691708572000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Prevalence and mortality rate of healthcare-associated infections among COVID-19 patients: a retrospective cohort community-based 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